Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean
Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen extremes can pose a substantial threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Such extremes might be particularly detrimental (a) when they are compounded in more than one stressor, and (b) when the extremes extend su...
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2024
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ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/675532 2024-10-06T13:51:53+00:00 Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean Wong, Joel id_orcid:0 000-0002-6629-4246 Münnich, Matthias id_orcid:0 000-0003-3292-2934 Gruber, Nicolas id_orcid:0 000-0002-2085-2310 2024-06 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/675532 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000675532 en eng American Geophysical Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2023AV001059 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/001229539000001 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/820989 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/675532 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000675532 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International AGU Advances, 5 (3) compound extreme events marine heatwave ocean acidity extreme low oxygen extreme global vertical water column info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2024 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/67553210.3929/ethz-b-00067553210.1029/2023AV001059 2024-09-10T15:45:30Z Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen extremes can pose a substantial threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Such extremes might be particularly detrimental (a) when they are compounded in more than one stressor, and (b) when the extremes extend substantially across the water column, restricting the habitable space for marine organisms. Here, we use daily output of a hindcast simulation (1961–2020) from the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model to characterize such column-compound extreme events (CCX), employing a relative threshold approach to identify extremes and requiring them to extend vertically over at least 50 m. The diagnosed CCX are prevalent, occupying worldwide in the 1960s about 1% of the volume contained within the top 300 m. Over the duration of our simulation, CCX become more intense, last longer, and occupy more volume, driven by the trends in ocean warming and ocean acidification. For example, the triple CCX expanded 39-fold, now last 3-times longer, and became 6-times more intense since the early 1960s. Removing this effect with a moving baseline permits us to better understand the key characteristics of CCX, revealing a typical duration of 10–30 days and a predominant occurrence in the Tropics and high latitudes, regions of high potential biological vulnerability. Overall, the CCX fall into 16 clusters, reflecting different patterns and drivers. Triple CCX are largely confined to the tropics and the North Pacific and tend to be associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. ISSN:2576-604X Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification ETH Zürich Research Collection Pacific |
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Open Polar |
collection |
ETH Zürich Research Collection |
op_collection_id |
ftethz |
language |
English |
topic |
compound extreme events marine heatwave ocean acidity extreme low oxygen extreme global vertical water column |
spellingShingle |
compound extreme events marine heatwave ocean acidity extreme low oxygen extreme global vertical water column Wong, Joel id_orcid:0 000-0002-6629-4246 Münnich, Matthias id_orcid:0 000-0003-3292-2934 Gruber, Nicolas id_orcid:0 000-0002-2085-2310 Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
topic_facet |
compound extreme events marine heatwave ocean acidity extreme low oxygen extreme global vertical water column |
description |
Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen extremes can pose a substantial threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Such extremes might be particularly detrimental (a) when they are compounded in more than one stressor, and (b) when the extremes extend substantially across the water column, restricting the habitable space for marine organisms. Here, we use daily output of a hindcast simulation (1961–2020) from the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model to characterize such column-compound extreme events (CCX), employing a relative threshold approach to identify extremes and requiring them to extend vertically over at least 50 m. The diagnosed CCX are prevalent, occupying worldwide in the 1960s about 1% of the volume contained within the top 300 m. Over the duration of our simulation, CCX become more intense, last longer, and occupy more volume, driven by the trends in ocean warming and ocean acidification. For example, the triple CCX expanded 39-fold, now last 3-times longer, and became 6-times more intense since the early 1960s. Removing this effect with a moving baseline permits us to better understand the key characteristics of CCX, revealing a typical duration of 10–30 days and a predominant occurrence in the Tropics and high latitudes, regions of high potential biological vulnerability. Overall, the CCX fall into 16 clusters, reflecting different patterns and drivers. Triple CCX are largely confined to the tropics and the North Pacific and tend to be associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. ISSN:2576-604X |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wong, Joel id_orcid:0 000-0002-6629-4246 Münnich, Matthias id_orcid:0 000-0003-3292-2934 Gruber, Nicolas id_orcid:0 000-0002-2085-2310 |
author_facet |
Wong, Joel id_orcid:0 000-0002-6629-4246 Münnich, Matthias id_orcid:0 000-0003-3292-2934 Gruber, Nicolas id_orcid:0 000-0002-2085-2310 |
author_sort |
Wong, Joel |
title |
Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
title_short |
Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
title_full |
Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean |
title_sort |
column-compound extremes in the global ocean |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/675532 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000675532 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
AGU Advances, 5 (3) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2023AV001059 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/001229539000001 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/820989 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/675532 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000675532 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11850/67553210.3929/ethz-b-00067553210.1029/2023AV001059 |
_version_ |
1812180187197997056 |