Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems
An extreme aggregation of precipitation on the seasonal timescale, leading to a so-called extreme wet season, can have substantial environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study has a twofold aim: first to identify and statistically characterize extreme wet seasons around the globe and second...
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ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/523856 2023-05-15T15:19:14+02:00 Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems Flaounas, Emmanouil Röthlisberger, Matthias Boettcher, Maxi Sprenger, Michael 2021 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/523856 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 en eng Copernicus GmbH info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/wcd-2-71-2021 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/787652 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/523856 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International CC-BY Weather and Climate Dynamics, 2 (1) info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/523856 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-71-2021 2022-04-25T14:39:57Z An extreme aggregation of precipitation on the seasonal timescale, leading to a so-called extreme wet season, can have substantial environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study has a twofold aim: first to identify and statistically characterize extreme wet seasons around the globe and second to elucidate their relationship with specific weather systems. Extreme wet seasons are defined independently at every grid point of ERA-Interim reanalyses as the consecutive 90 d period with the highest accumulated precipitation in the 40-year period of 1979–2018. In most continental regions, the extreme seasons occur during the warm months of the year, especially in the midlatitudes. Nevertheless, colder periods might be also relevant, especially in coastal areas. All identified extreme seasons are statistically characterized in terms of climatological anomalies of the number of wet days and of daily extreme events. Results show that daily extremes are decisive for the occurrence of extreme wet seasons in regions of frequent precipitation, e.g., in the tropics. This is in contrast to arid regions where wet seasons may occur only due to anomalously frequent wet days. In the subtropics and more precisely within the transitional zones between arid areas and regions of frequent precipitation, both an anomalously high occurrence of daily extremes and of wet days are related to the formation of extreme wet seasons. A novel method is introduced to define the spatial extent of regions affected by a particular extreme wet season and to relate extreme seasons to four objectively identified synoptic-scale weather systems, which are known to be associated with intense precipitation: cyclones, warm conveyor belts, tropical moisture exports and breaking Rossby waves. Cyclones and warm conveyor belts contribute particularly strongly to extreme wet seasons in most regions of the globe. But interlatitudinal influences are also shown to be important: tropical moisture exports, i.e., the poleward transport of tropical moisture, can contribute to extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, while breaking Rossby waves, i.e., the equatorward intrusion of stratospheric air, may decisively contribute to the formation of extreme wet seasons in the tropics. Three illustrative examples provide insight into the synergetic effects of the four identified weather systems on the formation of extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, the Arctic and the (sub)tropics. ISSN:2698-4016 ISSN:2698-4008 Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic ETH Zürich Research Collection Arctic |
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ETH Zürich Research Collection |
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ftethz |
language |
English |
description |
An extreme aggregation of precipitation on the seasonal timescale, leading to a so-called extreme wet season, can have substantial environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study has a twofold aim: first to identify and statistically characterize extreme wet seasons around the globe and second to elucidate their relationship with specific weather systems. Extreme wet seasons are defined independently at every grid point of ERA-Interim reanalyses as the consecutive 90 d period with the highest accumulated precipitation in the 40-year period of 1979–2018. In most continental regions, the extreme seasons occur during the warm months of the year, especially in the midlatitudes. Nevertheless, colder periods might be also relevant, especially in coastal areas. All identified extreme seasons are statistically characterized in terms of climatological anomalies of the number of wet days and of daily extreme events. Results show that daily extremes are decisive for the occurrence of extreme wet seasons in regions of frequent precipitation, e.g., in the tropics. This is in contrast to arid regions where wet seasons may occur only due to anomalously frequent wet days. In the subtropics and more precisely within the transitional zones between arid areas and regions of frequent precipitation, both an anomalously high occurrence of daily extremes and of wet days are related to the formation of extreme wet seasons. A novel method is introduced to define the spatial extent of regions affected by a particular extreme wet season and to relate extreme seasons to four objectively identified synoptic-scale weather systems, which are known to be associated with intense precipitation: cyclones, warm conveyor belts, tropical moisture exports and breaking Rossby waves. Cyclones and warm conveyor belts contribute particularly strongly to extreme wet seasons in most regions of the globe. But interlatitudinal influences are also shown to be important: tropical moisture exports, i.e., the poleward transport of tropical moisture, can contribute to extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, while breaking Rossby waves, i.e., the equatorward intrusion of stratospheric air, may decisively contribute to the formation of extreme wet seasons in the tropics. Three illustrative examples provide insight into the synergetic effects of the four identified weather systems on the formation of extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, the Arctic and the (sub)tropics. ISSN:2698-4016 ISSN:2698-4008 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Flaounas, Emmanouil Röthlisberger, Matthias Boettcher, Maxi Sprenger, Michael |
spellingShingle |
Flaounas, Emmanouil Röthlisberger, Matthias Boettcher, Maxi Sprenger, Michael Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
author_facet |
Flaounas, Emmanouil Röthlisberger, Matthias Boettcher, Maxi Sprenger, Michael |
author_sort |
Flaounas, Emmanouil |
title |
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
title_short |
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
title_full |
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
title_fullStr |
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
title_sort |
extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/523856 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Weather and Climate Dynamics, 2 (1) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/wcd-2-71-2021 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/787652 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/523856 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11850/523856 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000523856 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-71-2021 |
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1766349413565857792 |