Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface
We present a simple model to calculate the evolution of an ice stupa (artificial ice reservoir). The model is formulated for a cone geometry and driven by energy balance measurements over a glacier surface for a 5-year period. An "exposure factor"is introduced to deal with the fact that an...
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ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/493464 2023-05-15T18:32:14+02:00 Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface Oerlemans, Johannes Balasubramanian, Suryanarayanan Clavuot, Conradin Keller, Felix 2021-06-29 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/493464 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 en eng Copernicus info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-15-3007-2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000669514200002 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/493464 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International CC-BY The Cryosphere, 15 (6) info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/493464 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3007-2021 2022-04-25T14:31:30Z We present a simple model to calculate the evolution of an ice stupa (artificial ice reservoir). The model is formulated for a cone geometry and driven by energy balance measurements over a glacier surface for a 5-year period. An "exposure factor"is introduced to deal with the fact that an ice stupa has a very rough surface and is more exposed to wind than a flat glacier surface. The exposure factor enhances the turbulent fluxes. For characteristic alpine conditions at 2100gm, an ice stupa may reach a volume of 200 to 400gm3 in early April. We show sensitivities of ice stupa size to temperature changes and exposure factor. The model may also serve as an educational tool, with which the effects of snow cover, switching off water during daytime, different starting dates, switching off water during high wind speeds, etc. can easily be evaluated. ISSN:1994-0416 ISSN:1994-0424 Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere ETH Zürich Research Collection Stupa ENVELOPE(22.166,22.166,70.636,70.636) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ETH Zürich Research Collection |
op_collection_id |
ftethz |
language |
English |
description |
We present a simple model to calculate the evolution of an ice stupa (artificial ice reservoir). The model is formulated for a cone geometry and driven by energy balance measurements over a glacier surface for a 5-year period. An "exposure factor"is introduced to deal with the fact that an ice stupa has a very rough surface and is more exposed to wind than a flat glacier surface. The exposure factor enhances the turbulent fluxes. For characteristic alpine conditions at 2100gm, an ice stupa may reach a volume of 200 to 400gm3 in early April. We show sensitivities of ice stupa size to temperature changes and exposure factor. The model may also serve as an educational tool, with which the effects of snow cover, switching off water during daytime, different starting dates, switching off water during high wind speeds, etc. can easily be evaluated. ISSN:1994-0416 ISSN:1994-0424 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Oerlemans, Johannes Balasubramanian, Suryanarayanan Clavuot, Conradin Keller, Felix |
spellingShingle |
Oerlemans, Johannes Balasubramanian, Suryanarayanan Clavuot, Conradin Keller, Felix Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
author_facet |
Oerlemans, Johannes Balasubramanian, Suryanarayanan Clavuot, Conradin Keller, Felix |
author_sort |
Oerlemans, Johannes |
title |
Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
title_short |
Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
title_full |
Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
title_fullStr |
Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brief communication: Growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
title_sort |
brief communication: growth and decay of an ice stupa in alpine conditions - a simple model driven by energy-flux observations over a glacier surface |
publisher |
Copernicus |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/493464 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(22.166,22.166,70.636,70.636) |
geographic |
Stupa |
geographic_facet |
Stupa |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, 15 (6) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-15-3007-2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000669514200002 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/493464 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11850/493464 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493464 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3007-2021 |
_version_ |
1766216318697078784 |