Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion during winter and spring at high latitudes (e.g., the Antarctic ozone hole). PSC particles provide sites for heterogeneous reactions that convert stable chlorine reservoir species to radicals that destroy ozone c...
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ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/492852 2023-05-15T13:41:37+02:00 Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion Tritscher, Ines Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Alexander, Simon P. Cairo, Francesco Chipperfield, Martyn P. Grooß, Jens-Uwe Höpfner, Michael Lambert, Alyn Luo, Beiping Molleker, Sergey Orr, Andrew Salawitch, Ross J. Snels, Marcel Spang, Reinhold Woiwode, Wolfgang Peter, Thomas 2021-06 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/492852 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 en eng Wiley info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2020RG000702 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000667476800006 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/492852 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International CC-BY Reviews of Geophysics, 59 (2) info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/492852 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000702 2023-02-13T00:57:21Z Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion during winter and spring at high latitudes (e.g., the Antarctic ozone hole). PSC particles provide sites for heterogeneous reactions that convert stable chlorine reservoir species to radicals that destroy ozone catalytically. PSCs also prolong ozone depletion by delaying chlorine deactivation through the removal of gas-phase HNO3 and H2O by sedimentation of large nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and ice particles. Contemporary observations by the spaceborne instruments Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) have provided an unprecedented polar vortex-wide climatological view of PSC occurrence and composition in both hemispheres. These data have spurred advances in our understanding of PSC formation and related dynamical processes, especially the firm evidence of widespread heterogeneous nucleation of both NAT and ice PSC particles, perhaps on nuclei of meteoritic origin. Heterogeneous chlorine activation appears to be well understood. Reaction coefficients on/in liquid droplets have been measured accurately, and while uncertainties remain for reactions on solid NAT and ice particles, they are considered relatively unimportant since under most conditions chlorine activation occurs on/in liquid droplets. There have been notable advances in the ability of chemical transport and chemistry-climate models to reproduce PSC temporal/spatial distributions and composition observed from space. Continued spaceborne PSC observations will facilitate further improvements in the representation of PSC processes in global models and enable more accurate projections of the evolution of polar ozone and the global ozone layer as climate changes. ISSN:8755-1209 ISSN:0096-1043 ISSN:1944-9208 Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic ETH Zürich Research Collection Antarctic The Antarctic |
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Open Polar |
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ETH Zürich Research Collection |
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ftethz |
language |
English |
description |
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion during winter and spring at high latitudes (e.g., the Antarctic ozone hole). PSC particles provide sites for heterogeneous reactions that convert stable chlorine reservoir species to radicals that destroy ozone catalytically. PSCs also prolong ozone depletion by delaying chlorine deactivation through the removal of gas-phase HNO3 and H2O by sedimentation of large nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and ice particles. Contemporary observations by the spaceborne instruments Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) have provided an unprecedented polar vortex-wide climatological view of PSC occurrence and composition in both hemispheres. These data have spurred advances in our understanding of PSC formation and related dynamical processes, especially the firm evidence of widespread heterogeneous nucleation of both NAT and ice PSC particles, perhaps on nuclei of meteoritic origin. Heterogeneous chlorine activation appears to be well understood. Reaction coefficients on/in liquid droplets have been measured accurately, and while uncertainties remain for reactions on solid NAT and ice particles, they are considered relatively unimportant since under most conditions chlorine activation occurs on/in liquid droplets. There have been notable advances in the ability of chemical transport and chemistry-climate models to reproduce PSC temporal/spatial distributions and composition observed from space. Continued spaceborne PSC observations will facilitate further improvements in the representation of PSC processes in global models and enable more accurate projections of the evolution of polar ozone and the global ozone layer as climate changes. ISSN:8755-1209 ISSN:0096-1043 ISSN:1944-9208 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tritscher, Ines Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Alexander, Simon P. Cairo, Francesco Chipperfield, Martyn P. Grooß, Jens-Uwe Höpfner, Michael Lambert, Alyn Luo, Beiping Molleker, Sergey Orr, Andrew Salawitch, Ross J. Snels, Marcel Spang, Reinhold Woiwode, Wolfgang Peter, Thomas |
spellingShingle |
Tritscher, Ines Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Alexander, Simon P. Cairo, Francesco Chipperfield, Martyn P. Grooß, Jens-Uwe Höpfner, Michael Lambert, Alyn Luo, Beiping Molleker, Sergey Orr, Andrew Salawitch, Ross J. Snels, Marcel Spang, Reinhold Woiwode, Wolfgang Peter, Thomas Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
author_facet |
Tritscher, Ines Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Alexander, Simon P. Cairo, Francesco Chipperfield, Martyn P. Grooß, Jens-Uwe Höpfner, Michael Lambert, Alyn Luo, Beiping Molleker, Sergey Orr, Andrew Salawitch, Ross J. Snels, Marcel Spang, Reinhold Woiwode, Wolfgang Peter, Thomas |
author_sort |
Tritscher, Ines |
title |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
title_short |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
title_full |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
title_fullStr |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion |
title_sort |
polar stratospheric clouds: satellite observations, processes, and role in ozone depletion |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/492852 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Reviews of Geophysics, 59 (2) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2020RG000702 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000667476800006 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/492852 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11850/492852 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000492852 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000702 |
_version_ |
1766153018093338624 |