Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are inundating the upper ocean, acidifying the water, and altering the habitat for marine phytoplankton. These changes are thought to be particularly influential for calcifying phytoplankton, namely, coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are widespread and account for a subs...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/356710 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 |
id |
ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/356710 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/356710 2023-05-15T17:35:00+02:00 Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations Krumhardt, Kristen M. Lovenduski, Nicole S. Long, Matthew C. Lévy, Marina Lindsay, Keith Moore, Jefferson K. Nissen, Cara 2019-05 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/356710 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 en eng Wiley info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2018MS001483 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000477717700014 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SNF/Projektförderung in Mathematik, Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften (Abteilung II)/153452 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/356710 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International CC-BY-NC-ND Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 (5) ocean acidification marine calcification coccolithophores phytoplankton climate change info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/356710 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001483 2022-04-25T13:52:40Z Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are inundating the upper ocean, acidifying the water, and altering the habitat for marine phytoplankton. These changes are thought to be particularly influential for calcifying phytoplankton, namely, coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are widespread and account for a substantial portion of open ocean calcification; changes in their abundance, distribution, or level of calcification could have far‐reaching ecological and biogeochemical impacts. Here, we isolate the effects of increasing CO2 on coccolithophores using an explicit coccolithophore phytoplankton functional type parameterization in the Community Earth System Model. Coccolithophore growth and calcification are sensitive to changing aqueous CO2. While holding circulation constant, we demonstrate that increasing CO2 concentrations cause coccolithophores in most areas to decrease calcium carbonate production relative to growth. However, several oceanic regions show large increases in calcification, such the North Atlantic, Western Pacific, and parts of the Southern Ocean, due to an alleviation of carbon limitation for coccolithophore growth. Global annual calcification is 6% higher under present‐day CO2 levels relative to preindustrial CO2 (1.5 compared to 1.4 Pg C/year). However, under 900 μatm CO2, global annual calcification is 11% lower than under preindustrial CO2 levels (1.2 Pg C/year). Large portions of the ocean show greatly decreased coccolithophore calcification relative to growth, resulting in significant regional carbon export and air‐sea CO2 exchange feedbacks. Our study implies that coccolithophores become more abundant but less calcified as CO2 increases with a tipping point in global calcification (changing from increasing to decreasing calcification relative to preindustrial) at approximately ∼600 μatm CO2. ISSN:1942-2466 Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean ETH Zürich Research Collection Pacific Southern Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ETH Zürich Research Collection |
op_collection_id |
ftethz |
language |
English |
topic |
ocean acidification marine calcification coccolithophores phytoplankton climate change |
spellingShingle |
ocean acidification marine calcification coccolithophores phytoplankton climate change Krumhardt, Kristen M. Lovenduski, Nicole S. Long, Matthew C. Lévy, Marina Lindsay, Keith Moore, Jefferson K. Nissen, Cara Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
topic_facet |
ocean acidification marine calcification coccolithophores phytoplankton climate change |
description |
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are inundating the upper ocean, acidifying the water, and altering the habitat for marine phytoplankton. These changes are thought to be particularly influential for calcifying phytoplankton, namely, coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are widespread and account for a substantial portion of open ocean calcification; changes in their abundance, distribution, or level of calcification could have far‐reaching ecological and biogeochemical impacts. Here, we isolate the effects of increasing CO2 on coccolithophores using an explicit coccolithophore phytoplankton functional type parameterization in the Community Earth System Model. Coccolithophore growth and calcification are sensitive to changing aqueous CO2. While holding circulation constant, we demonstrate that increasing CO2 concentrations cause coccolithophores in most areas to decrease calcium carbonate production relative to growth. However, several oceanic regions show large increases in calcification, such the North Atlantic, Western Pacific, and parts of the Southern Ocean, due to an alleviation of carbon limitation for coccolithophore growth. Global annual calcification is 6% higher under present‐day CO2 levels relative to preindustrial CO2 (1.5 compared to 1.4 Pg C/year). However, under 900 μatm CO2, global annual calcification is 11% lower than under preindustrial CO2 levels (1.2 Pg C/year). Large portions of the ocean show greatly decreased coccolithophore calcification relative to growth, resulting in significant regional carbon export and air‐sea CO2 exchange feedbacks. Our study implies that coccolithophores become more abundant but less calcified as CO2 increases with a tipping point in global calcification (changing from increasing to decreasing calcification relative to preindustrial) at approximately ∼600 μatm CO2. ISSN:1942-2466 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krumhardt, Kristen M. Lovenduski, Nicole S. Long, Matthew C. Lévy, Marina Lindsay, Keith Moore, Jefferson K. Nissen, Cara |
author_facet |
Krumhardt, Kristen M. Lovenduski, Nicole S. Long, Matthew C. Lévy, Marina Lindsay, Keith Moore, Jefferson K. Nissen, Cara |
author_sort |
Krumhardt, Kristen M. |
title |
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
title_short |
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
title_full |
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
title_fullStr |
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations |
title_sort |
coccolithophore growth and calcification in an acidified ocean: insights from community earth system model simulations |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/356710 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 |
geographic |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 (5) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2018MS001483 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000477717700014 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SNF/Projektförderung in Mathematik, Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften (Abteilung II)/153452 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/356710 doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11850/356710 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000356710 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001483 |
_version_ |
1766134021487591424 |