Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses
Between April 1925 and June 1927, the research vessel Meteor cruised the tropical and southern Atlantic Ocean in the framework of the German Atlantic Expedition. One purpose was to systematically explore the vertical structure of the atmosphere. To this end, the ocean was crossed in 14 profiles acro...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Schweizerbart
2015
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107080 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000107080 |
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author | Stickler, Alexander Storz, Samuel Wartenburger, Richard Hersbach, Hans Compo, Gilbert P. Poli, Paul Dee, Dick Brönnimann, Stefan |
author_facet | Stickler, Alexander Storz, Samuel Wartenburger, Richard Hersbach, Hans Compo, Gilbert P. Poli, Paul Dee, Dick Brönnimann, Stefan |
author_sort | Stickler, Alexander |
collection | ETH Zürich Research Collection |
description | Between April 1925 and June 1927, the research vessel Meteor cruised the tropical and southern Atlantic Ocean in the framework of the German Atlantic Expedition. One purpose was to systematically explore the vertical structure of the atmosphere. To this end, the ocean was crossed in 14 profiles across parallels of latitude. 801 pilot balloons and 217 kites were launched. The resulting data have been digitised in the framework of the European project ERA-CLIM. Here, they are compared to the Twentieth Century (20CR) and ERA-20C reanalyses, independent datasets based on the assimilation of synoptic pressure and hurricane pressure records, and marine surface winds for the latter, using monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice as boundary conditions. Both reanalyses display similar patterns of systematic differences relative to the observations for temperature, specific humidity, and wind. Furthermore, 20CR and ERA-20C show generally comparable anomaly correlations for all parameters, with the highest values found for pressure and temperature. In the southern extratropics, high (> 0.75) anomaly correlations are found for pressure in both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for temperature in 20CR. Medium (> 0.5) anomaly correlations are found for specific humidity in 20CR. Moderate anomaly correlations (> 0.44) are found for meridional wind in both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for temperature in ERA-20C. In contrast, low anomaly correlations (< 0.44) are found for zonal wind both in 20CR and ERA-20C, and for specific humidity in ERA-20C. In the Tropics, low anomaly correlations are found for all parameters except for pressure, which shows medium anomaly correlations for both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for meridional wind, which shows moderate anomaly correlations for 20CR. In all regions, both reanalyses strongly underestimate the observed range of zonal and particularly meridional wind variability. Even though remaining errors in the observational data cannot be excluded, we estimate that the inherent observational ... |
format | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
genre | Sea ice |
genre_facet | Sea ice |
id | ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/107080 |
institution | Open Polar |
language | English |
op_collection_id | ftethz |
op_doi | https://doi.org/20.500.11850/10708010.3929/ethz-b-00010708010.1127/metz/2015/0683 |
op_relation | info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1127/metz/2015/0683 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107080 |
op_rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported |
op_source | Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 24 (5) |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Schweizerbart |
record_format | openpolar |
spelling | ftethz:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/107080 2025-03-30T15:27:19+00:00 Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses Stickler, Alexander Storz, Samuel Wartenburger, Richard Hersbach, Hans Compo, Gilbert P. Poli, Paul Dee, Dick Brönnimann, Stefan 2015 application/application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107080 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000107080 en eng Schweizerbart info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1127/metz/2015/0683 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107080 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 24 (5) Twentieth Century Reanalysis ERA-20C Upper-Air data ERA-CLIM CHUAN Kite Pilot balloon German Atlantic Expedition Meteor Atlantic temperature pressure Wind Circulation humidity Tropics Extratropics info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2015 ftethz https://doi.org/20.500.11850/10708010.3929/ethz-b-00010708010.1127/metz/2015/0683 2025-03-05T22:09:18Z Between April 1925 and June 1927, the research vessel Meteor cruised the tropical and southern Atlantic Ocean in the framework of the German Atlantic Expedition. One purpose was to systematically explore the vertical structure of the atmosphere. To this end, the ocean was crossed in 14 profiles across parallels of latitude. 801 pilot balloons and 217 kites were launched. The resulting data have been digitised in the framework of the European project ERA-CLIM. Here, they are compared to the Twentieth Century (20CR) and ERA-20C reanalyses, independent datasets based on the assimilation of synoptic pressure and hurricane pressure records, and marine surface winds for the latter, using monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice as boundary conditions. Both reanalyses display similar patterns of systematic differences relative to the observations for temperature, specific humidity, and wind. Furthermore, 20CR and ERA-20C show generally comparable anomaly correlations for all parameters, with the highest values found for pressure and temperature. In the southern extratropics, high (> 0.75) anomaly correlations are found for pressure in both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for temperature in 20CR. Medium (> 0.5) anomaly correlations are found for specific humidity in 20CR. Moderate anomaly correlations (> 0.44) are found for meridional wind in both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for temperature in ERA-20C. In contrast, low anomaly correlations (< 0.44) are found for zonal wind both in 20CR and ERA-20C, and for specific humidity in ERA-20C. In the Tropics, low anomaly correlations are found for all parameters except for pressure, which shows medium anomaly correlations for both 20CR and ERA-20C, and for meridional wind, which shows moderate anomaly correlations for 20CR. In all regions, both reanalyses strongly underestimate the observed range of zonal and particularly meridional wind variability. Even though remaining errors in the observational data cannot be excluded, we estimate that the inherent observational ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice ETH Zürich Research Collection |
spellingShingle | Twentieth Century Reanalysis ERA-20C Upper-Air data ERA-CLIM CHUAN Kite Pilot balloon German Atlantic Expedition Meteor Atlantic temperature pressure Wind Circulation humidity Tropics Extratropics Stickler, Alexander Storz, Samuel Wartenburger, Richard Hersbach, Hans Compo, Gilbert P. Poli, Paul Dee, Dick Brönnimann, Stefan Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title | Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title_full | Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title_fullStr | Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title_full_unstemmed | Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title_short | Upper-Air observations from the German atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and ERA-20C reanalyses |
title_sort | upper-air observations from the german atlantic expedition (1925-27) and comparison with the twentieth century and era-20c reanalyses |
topic | Twentieth Century Reanalysis ERA-20C Upper-Air data ERA-CLIM CHUAN Kite Pilot balloon German Atlantic Expedition Meteor Atlantic temperature pressure Wind Circulation humidity Tropics Extratropics |
topic_facet | Twentieth Century Reanalysis ERA-20C Upper-Air data ERA-CLIM CHUAN Kite Pilot balloon German Atlantic Expedition Meteor Atlantic temperature pressure Wind Circulation humidity Tropics Extratropics |
url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107080 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000107080 |