Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880
This article focuses on second-language learning and “linguicide” in Upper Canada between 1843 and 1877. From the small group of Jesuits that made up the ranks of the Society of Jesus’ new missions to Canada in the post-suppression era, it was Jean Pierre Choné, Joseph Hanipaux, Nicholas Frémiot, an...
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2010
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Online Access: | http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1003043ar https://doi.org/10.7202/1003043ar |
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fterudit:oai:erudit.org:1003043ar 2023-05-15T13:16:05+02:00 Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 Parent, Gabrielle 2010 http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1003043ar https://doi.org/10.7202/1003043ar en eng The Canadian Historical Association / La Société historique du Canada Érudit Journal of the Canadian Historical Association vol. 21 no. 1 (2010) All Rights Reserved © The Canadian Historical Association / La Société historique du Canada, 2010 text 2010 fterudit https://doi.org/10.7202/1003043ar 2013-03-29T14:18:38Z This article focuses on second-language learning and “linguicide” in Upper Canada between 1843 and 1877. From the small group of Jesuits that made up the ranks of the Society of Jesus’ new missions to Canada in the post-suppression era, it was Jean Pierre Choné, Joseph Hanipaux, Nicholas Frémiot, and Dominique du Ranquet, August Kohler, Nicolas Point, and Joseph Jennesseaux that first learned Algonquin languages in order to proselytize to the Northern Ojibwa populations at the Upper Canada. The Upper Canada mission, led by superior Pierre Chazelle, re-established some of the Society of Jesus’ older Aboriginal missions, and expanded their evangelical territory north and west along Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Important stations were built among the Ojibwa at Wikwemikong on Manitoulin Island in 1844, in Sault Sainte Marie in 1846, and along the Pigeon and Kamanistikwa Rivers, near Fort William, in 1848. This paper examines why the new Jesuits were motivated to learn the languages spoken at their Aboriginal missions in the nineteenth century and simultaneously investigates how the massive and unexpected psychological challenges of the 1800s, including anti-Catholicism, British rule, mass immigration, and formidable industrial development in Upper Canada, supported or discouraged the Jesuits’ language acquisition. Cet article porte sur l’apprentissage de langues secondes par les Jésuites et la disparition des langues autochtones au Haut-Canada de 1834 à 1877. Les pères Jean-Pierre Choné, Joseph Hanipaux, Nicholas Frémiot, Dominique du Ranquet, August Kohler, Nicolas Point et Joseph Jennesseaux ont été parmi les premiers missionnaires jésuites venus au Canada au XIXe siècle à apprendre les langues algonquiennes. Leur but était alors de pouvoir évangéliser les populations Ojibwa du nord du Haut-Canada. La mission haut-canadienne, dirigée par le père Pierre Chazelle, a rétabli quelques-unes des anciennes missions jésuites et étendu leur territoire d’évangélisation au nord et à l’ouest, le long des lacs Huron et Supérieur. D’importantes missions furent établies parmi les Ojibwa à Wikwemikong sur l’île Manitoulin en 1844, à Sault-Sainte-Marie en 1846 et le long des rivières Pigeon et Kamanistikwa, près du Fort William, en 1848. Cet article explore à la fois les raisons ayant encouragé les missionnaires jésuites à apprendre les langues autochtones ainsi que l’influence que les importants défis du XIXe siècle (incluant l’anticatholicisme, la domination britannique, l’immigration des masses et l’extraordinaire développement industriel du Haut-Canada) ont eu sur les efforts des missionnaires pour acquérir de nouvelles langues. Text algonquin Érudit.org (Université Montréal) Canada Fort William ENVELOPE(-59.725,-59.725,-62.371,-62.371) Venus ENVELOPE(-57.842,-57.842,-61.925,-61.925) Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 21 1 59 82 |
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Érudit.org (Université Montréal) |
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English |
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This article focuses on second-language learning and “linguicide” in Upper Canada between 1843 and 1877. From the small group of Jesuits that made up the ranks of the Society of Jesus’ new missions to Canada in the post-suppression era, it was Jean Pierre Choné, Joseph Hanipaux, Nicholas Frémiot, and Dominique du Ranquet, August Kohler, Nicolas Point, and Joseph Jennesseaux that first learned Algonquin languages in order to proselytize to the Northern Ojibwa populations at the Upper Canada. The Upper Canada mission, led by superior Pierre Chazelle, re-established some of the Society of Jesus’ older Aboriginal missions, and expanded their evangelical territory north and west along Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Important stations were built among the Ojibwa at Wikwemikong on Manitoulin Island in 1844, in Sault Sainte Marie in 1846, and along the Pigeon and Kamanistikwa Rivers, near Fort William, in 1848. This paper examines why the new Jesuits were motivated to learn the languages spoken at their Aboriginal missions in the nineteenth century and simultaneously investigates how the massive and unexpected psychological challenges of the 1800s, including anti-Catholicism, British rule, mass immigration, and formidable industrial development in Upper Canada, supported or discouraged the Jesuits’ language acquisition. Cet article porte sur l’apprentissage de langues secondes par les Jésuites et la disparition des langues autochtones au Haut-Canada de 1834 à 1877. Les pères Jean-Pierre Choné, Joseph Hanipaux, Nicholas Frémiot, Dominique du Ranquet, August Kohler, Nicolas Point et Joseph Jennesseaux ont été parmi les premiers missionnaires jésuites venus au Canada au XIXe siècle à apprendre les langues algonquiennes. Leur but était alors de pouvoir évangéliser les populations Ojibwa du nord du Haut-Canada. La mission haut-canadienne, dirigée par le père Pierre Chazelle, a rétabli quelques-unes des anciennes missions jésuites et étendu leur territoire d’évangélisation au nord et à l’ouest, le long des lacs Huron et Supérieur. D’importantes missions furent établies parmi les Ojibwa à Wikwemikong sur l’île Manitoulin en 1844, à Sault-Sainte-Marie en 1846 et le long des rivières Pigeon et Kamanistikwa, près du Fort William, en 1848. Cet article explore à la fois les raisons ayant encouragé les missionnaires jésuites à apprendre les langues autochtones ainsi que l’influence que les importants défis du XIXe siècle (incluant l’anticatholicisme, la domination britannique, l’immigration des masses et l’extraordinaire développement industriel du Haut-Canada) ont eu sur les efforts des missionnaires pour acquérir de nouvelles langues. |
format |
Text |
author |
Parent, Gabrielle |
spellingShingle |
Parent, Gabrielle Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
author_facet |
Parent, Gabrielle |
author_sort |
Parent, Gabrielle |
title |
Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
title_short |
Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
title_full |
Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
title_fullStr |
Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Subjects of Interpretation: Second Language Acquisition by Jesuit Missionaries among the Northern Ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
title_sort |
subjects of interpretation: second language acquisition by jesuit missionaries among the northern ojibwa, 1842–1880 |
publisher |
The Canadian Historical Association / La Société historique du Canada |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1003043ar https://doi.org/10.7202/1003043ar |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.725,-59.725,-62.371,-62.371) ENVELOPE(-57.842,-57.842,-61.925,-61.925) |
geographic |
Canada Fort William Venus |
geographic_facet |
Canada Fort William Venus |
genre |
algonquin |
genre_facet |
algonquin |
op_relation |
Journal of the Canadian Historical Association vol. 21 no. 1 (2010) |
op_rights |
All Rights Reserved © The Canadian Historical Association / La Société historique du Canada, 2010 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7202/1003043ar |
container_title |
Journal of the Canadian Historical Association |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
59 |
op_container_end_page |
82 |
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1766272563614318592 |