Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism

Historians have tended to assume that, during the last decades of French rule in Canada, competition in the fur trade and the imperial contest in North America ran along the same lines. The posts of the rival empire on Hudson Bay or south of Lake Ontario are thought to have posed the main threat to...

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Published in:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
Main Author: Wien, Thomas
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada 1990
Subjects:
Online Access:http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031021ar
https://doi.org/10.7202/031021ar
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spelling fterudit:oai:erudit.org:031021ar 2023-05-15T15:35:43+02:00 Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism Wien, Thomas 1990 http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031021ar https://doi.org/10.7202/031021ar en eng The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada Érudit Journal of the Canadian Historical Association vol. 1 no. 1 (1990) http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031021ar doi:10.7202/031021ar All rights reserved © The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada, 1991 text 1990 fterudit https://doi.org/10.7202/031021ar 2021-09-18T23:22:24Z Historians have tended to assume that, during the last decades of French rule in Canada, competition in the fur trade and the imperial contest in North America ran along the same lines. The posts of the rival empire on Hudson Bay or south of Lake Ontario are thought to have posed the main threat to the fortunes of the Montreal-based traders established in the heart of Indian lands. This article assesses the evidence for price competition between such distant antagonists in the trade in beaver. Owing to the Compagnie des Indes' pricing policies, this commodity usually fetched a lower price in the French trading system than it did in the one centred on London. There is little sign of a response in the distribution of beaver receipts to changes in the intercolonial price differential. This suggests that Canadian merchants exaggerated the force of foreign competition in order to lend weight to their appeals to the state for an increase in the price of beaver. The paper concludes that the obsession with the external foe, which the official sources have transmitted to historians, has obscured the internal dynamic of the Canadian fur trade during these years. Les historiens supposent généralement que pendant les dernières décennies du Régime français au Canada, la concurrence dans le commerce des fourrures suivait les lignes deforce de la rivalité impériale en Amérique du Nord. Situés sur la baie d'Hudson ou au sud du lac Ontario, les postes de l'empire adverse auraient constitué la principale menace pour les commerçants montréalais établis au coeur du pays indien. Cet article cherche les traces d'une telle concurrence à distance dans le commerce du castor. Il s'agit là d'une fourrure que les politiques de la Compagnie française des Indes rendaient moins chère dans le système commercial français que dans celui centré sur Londres. Or la distribution des recettes du castor entre les concurrents se montre peu sensible aux fluctuations dans cette différence intercoloniale des prix il semble bien que les marchands canadiens aient brandi l'épouvantait du concurrent étranger afin d'ajouter du poids à leurs demandes faites à l'Etat d'augmenter le prix du castor. Une conclusion s'impose : cette obsession d'un ennemi externe, transmise aux historiens par les sources officielles, a obscurci la dynamique interne du commerce canadien des fourrures au cours de cette période. Text Baie d'Hudson Hudson Bay Érudit.org (Université Montréal) Hudson Bay Canada Indian Hudson Baie d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417) Baie-d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500) Brandi ENVELOPE(-18.353,-18.353,65.474,65.474) Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 1 1 293 317
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language English
description Historians have tended to assume that, during the last decades of French rule in Canada, competition in the fur trade and the imperial contest in North America ran along the same lines. The posts of the rival empire on Hudson Bay or south of Lake Ontario are thought to have posed the main threat to the fortunes of the Montreal-based traders established in the heart of Indian lands. This article assesses the evidence for price competition between such distant antagonists in the trade in beaver. Owing to the Compagnie des Indes' pricing policies, this commodity usually fetched a lower price in the French trading system than it did in the one centred on London. There is little sign of a response in the distribution of beaver receipts to changes in the intercolonial price differential. This suggests that Canadian merchants exaggerated the force of foreign competition in order to lend weight to their appeals to the state for an increase in the price of beaver. The paper concludes that the obsession with the external foe, which the official sources have transmitted to historians, has obscured the internal dynamic of the Canadian fur trade during these years. Les historiens supposent généralement que pendant les dernières décennies du Régime français au Canada, la concurrence dans le commerce des fourrures suivait les lignes deforce de la rivalité impériale en Amérique du Nord. Situés sur la baie d'Hudson ou au sud du lac Ontario, les postes de l'empire adverse auraient constitué la principale menace pour les commerçants montréalais établis au coeur du pays indien. Cet article cherche les traces d'une telle concurrence à distance dans le commerce du castor. Il s'agit là d'une fourrure que les politiques de la Compagnie française des Indes rendaient moins chère dans le système commercial français que dans celui centré sur Londres. Or la distribution des recettes du castor entre les concurrents se montre peu sensible aux fluctuations dans cette différence intercoloniale des prix il semble bien que les marchands canadiens aient brandi l'épouvantait du concurrent étranger afin d'ajouter du poids à leurs demandes faites à l'Etat d'augmenter le prix du castor. Une conclusion s'impose : cette obsession d'un ennemi externe, transmise aux historiens par les sources officielles, a obscurci la dynamique interne du commerce canadien des fourrures au cours de cette période.
format Text
author Wien, Thomas
spellingShingle Wien, Thomas
Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
author_facet Wien, Thomas
author_sort Wien, Thomas
title Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
title_short Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
title_full Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
title_fullStr Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
title_full_unstemmed Selling Beaver Skins in North America and Europe, 1720-1760: The Uses of Fur-Trade Imperialism
title_sort selling beaver skins in north america and europe, 1720-1760: the uses of fur-trade imperialism
publisher The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada
publishDate 1990
url http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031021ar
https://doi.org/10.7202/031021ar
long_lat ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417)
ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500)
ENVELOPE(-18.353,-18.353,65.474,65.474)
geographic Hudson Bay
Canada
Indian
Hudson
Baie d'Hudson
Baie-d'Hudson
Brandi
geographic_facet Hudson Bay
Canada
Indian
Hudson
Baie d'Hudson
Baie-d'Hudson
Brandi
genre Baie d'Hudson
Hudson Bay
genre_facet Baie d'Hudson
Hudson Bay
op_relation Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
vol. 1 no. 1 (1990)
http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031021ar
doi:10.7202/031021ar
op_rights All rights reserved © The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada, 1991
op_doi https://doi.org/10.7202/031021ar
container_title Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
container_volume 1
container_issue 1
container_start_page 293
op_container_end_page 317
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