Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean
International audience Impacts of climate change on air–sea CO 2 exchange are strongly region dependent, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Yet, in the Southern Ocean the role of water masses in the uptake of anthropogenic carbon is still debated. Here, a methodology is applied that tracks the carb...
Published in: | Journal of Climate |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2012
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-01414759 https://hal.science/hal-01414759/document https://hal.science/hal-01414759/file/%5B15200442%20-%20Journal%20of%20Climate%5D%20Water%20Mass%20Analysis%20of%20Effect%20of%20Climate%20Change%20on%20Air%E2%80%93Sea%20CO2%20Fluxes%20The%20Southern%20Ocean.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HAL |
op_collection_id |
ftepunivpsaclay |
language |
English |
topic |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
spellingShingle |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] Séférian, Roland Iudicone, Daniele Bopp, Laurent Roy, Tilla Madec, Gurvan Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
topic_facet |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
description |
International audience Impacts of climate change on air–sea CO 2 exchange are strongly region dependent, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Yet, in the Southern Ocean the role of water masses in the uptake of anthropogenic carbon is still debated. Here, a methodology is applied that tracks the carbon flux of each Southern Ocean water mass in response to climate change. A global marine biogeochemical model was coupled to a climate model, making 140-yr Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5)-type simulations, where atmospheric CO 2 increased by 1% yr−1 to 4 times the preindustrial concentration (4 × CO 2 ). Impacts of atmospheric CO 2 (carbon-induced sensitivity) and climate change (climate-induced sensitivity) on the water mass carbon fluxes have been isolated performing two sensitivity simulations. In the first simulation, the atmospheric CO 2 influences solely the marine carbon cycle, while in the second simulation, it influences both the marine carbon cycle and earth’s climate. At 4 × CO 2 , the cumulative carbon uptake by the Southern Ocean reaches 278 PgC, 53% of which is taken up by modal and intermediate water masses. The carbon-induced and climate-induced sensitivities vary significantly between the water masses. The carbon-induced sensitivities enhance the carbon uptake of the water masses, particularly for the denser classes. But, enhancement strongly depends on the water mass structure. The climate-induced sensitivities either strengthen or weaken the carbon uptake and are influenced by local processes through changes in CO 2 solubility and stratification, and by large-scale changes in outcrop surface (OS) areas. Changes in OS areas account for 45% of the climate-induced reduction in the Southern Ocean carbon uptake and are a key factor in understanding the future carbon uptake of the Southern Ocean. |
author2 |
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) European Project: 264879,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,CARBOCHANGE(2011) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Séférian, Roland Iudicone, Daniele Bopp, Laurent Roy, Tilla Madec, Gurvan |
author_facet |
Séférian, Roland Iudicone, Daniele Bopp, Laurent Roy, Tilla Madec, Gurvan |
author_sort |
Séférian, Roland |
title |
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
water mass analysis of effect of climate change on air–sea co 2 fluxes: the southern ocean |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-01414759 https://hal.science/hal-01414759/document https://hal.science/hal-01414759/file/%5B15200442%20-%20Journal%20of%20Climate%5D%20Water%20Mass%20Analysis%20of%20Effect%20of%20Climate%20Change%20on%20Air%E2%80%93Sea%20CO2%20Fluxes%20The%20Southern%20Ocean.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 0894-8755 EISSN: 1520-0442 Journal of Climate https://hal.science/hal-01414759 Journal of Climate, 2012, 25 (11), pp.3894-3908. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1⟩ |
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op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
3894 |
op_container_end_page |
3908 |
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1801382435248668672 |
spelling |
ftepunivpsaclay:oai:HAL:hal-01414759v1 2024-06-09T07:49:41+00:00 Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO 2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean Séférian, Roland Iudicone, Daniele Bopp, Laurent Roy, Tilla Madec, Gurvan Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) European Project: 264879,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,CARBOCHANGE(2011) 2012-06-01 https://hal.science/hal-01414759 https://hal.science/hal-01414759/document https://hal.science/hal-01414759/file/%5B15200442%20-%20Journal%20of%20Climate%5D%20Water%20Mass%20Analysis%20of%20Effect%20of%20Climate%20Change%20on%20Air%E2%80%93Sea%20CO2%20Fluxes%20The%20Southern%20Ocean.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 en eng HAL CCSD American Meteorological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/264879/EU/Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate/CARBOCHANGE hal-01414759 https://hal.science/hal-01414759 https://hal.science/hal-01414759/document https://hal.science/hal-01414759/file/%5B15200442%20-%20Journal%20of%20Climate%5D%20Water%20Mass%20Analysis%20of%20Effect%20of%20Climate%20Change%20on%20Air%E2%80%93Sea%20CO2%20Fluxes%20The%20Southern%20Ocean.pdf doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0894-8755 EISSN: 1520-0442 Journal of Climate https://hal.science/hal-01414759 Journal of Climate, 2012, 25 (11), pp.3894-3908. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1⟩ [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2012 ftepunivpsaclay https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1 2024-05-16T12:10:49Z International audience Impacts of climate change on air–sea CO 2 exchange are strongly region dependent, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Yet, in the Southern Ocean the role of water masses in the uptake of anthropogenic carbon is still debated. Here, a methodology is applied that tracks the carbon flux of each Southern Ocean water mass in response to climate change. A global marine biogeochemical model was coupled to a climate model, making 140-yr Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5)-type simulations, where atmospheric CO 2 increased by 1% yr−1 to 4 times the preindustrial concentration (4 × CO 2 ). Impacts of atmospheric CO 2 (carbon-induced sensitivity) and climate change (climate-induced sensitivity) on the water mass carbon fluxes have been isolated performing two sensitivity simulations. In the first simulation, the atmospheric CO 2 influences solely the marine carbon cycle, while in the second simulation, it influences both the marine carbon cycle and earth’s climate. At 4 × CO 2 , the cumulative carbon uptake by the Southern Ocean reaches 278 PgC, 53% of which is taken up by modal and intermediate water masses. The carbon-induced and climate-induced sensitivities vary significantly between the water masses. The carbon-induced sensitivities enhance the carbon uptake of the water masses, particularly for the denser classes. But, enhancement strongly depends on the water mass structure. The climate-induced sensitivities either strengthen or weaken the carbon uptake and are influenced by local processes through changes in CO 2 solubility and stratification, and by large-scale changes in outcrop surface (OS) areas. Changes in OS areas account for 45% of the climate-induced reduction in the Southern Ocean carbon uptake and are a key factor in understanding the future carbon uptake of the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HAL Southern Ocean Journal of Climate 25 11 3894 3908 |