Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing
International audience Low levels of iron limit primary productivity across much of the Southern Ocean. At the basin scale, most dissolved iron is supplied to surface waters from subsurface reservoirs, because land inputs are spatially limited. Deep mixing in winter together with year-round diffusio...
Published in: | Nature Geoscience |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2014
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00983558 https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2101 |
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École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HAL |
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English |
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
spellingShingle |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes Tagliabue, Alessandro Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Bowie, Andrew R. Lévy, Marina Swart, Sebastiaan Boyd, Philip W. Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
topic_facet |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
description |
International audience Low levels of iron limit primary productivity across much of the Southern Ocean. At the basin scale, most dissolved iron is supplied to surface waters from subsurface reservoirs, because land inputs are spatially limited. Deep mixing in winter together with year-round diffusion across density surfaces, known as diapycnal diffusion, are the main physical processes that carry iron-laden subsurface waters to the surface. Here, we analyse data on dissolved iron concentrations in the top 1,000 m of the Southern Ocean, taken from all known and available cruises to date, together with hydrographic data to determine the relative importance of deep winter mixing and diapycnal diffusion to dissolved iron fluxes at the basin scale. Using information on the vertical distribution of iron we show that deep winter mixing supplies ten times more iron to the surface ocean each year, on average, than diapycnal diffusion. Biological observations from the sub-Antarctic sector suggest that following the depletion of this wintertime iron pulse, intense iron recycling sustains productivity over the subsequent spring and summer. We conclude that winter mixing and surface-water iron recycling are important drivers of temporal variations in Southern Ocean primary production. |
author2 |
Department of Earth Ocean and Ecological Sciences Liverpool University of Liverpool Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Oceanography Cape Town University of Cape Town ANR-10-LABX-0018,L-IPSL,LabEx Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL): Understand climate and anticipate future changes(2010) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tagliabue, Alessandro Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Bowie, Andrew R. Lévy, Marina Swart, Sebastiaan Boyd, Philip W. |
author_facet |
Tagliabue, Alessandro Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Bowie, Andrew R. Lévy, Marina Swart, Sebastiaan Boyd, Philip W. |
author_sort |
Tagliabue, Alessandro |
title |
Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
title_short |
Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
title_full |
Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
title_fullStr |
Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
title_sort |
surface-water iron supplies in the southern ocean sustained by deep winter mixing |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00983558 https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2101 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 1752-0894 Nature Geoscience https://hal.science/hal-00983558 Nature Geoscience, 2014, 7, pp.314-320. ⟨10.1038/NGEO2101⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/NGEO2101 hal-00983558 https://hal.science/hal-00983558 BIBCODE: 2014NatGe.7.314T doi:10.1038/NGEO2101 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2101 |
container_title |
Nature Geoscience |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
314 |
op_container_end_page |
320 |
_version_ |
1799470015138758656 |
spelling |
ftepunivpsaclay:oai:HAL:hal-00983558v1 2024-05-19T07:32:04+00:00 Surface-water iron supplies in the Southern Ocean sustained by deep winter mixing Tagliabue, Alessandro Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Bowie, Andrew R. Lévy, Marina Swart, Sebastiaan Boyd, Philip W. Department of Earth Ocean and Ecological Sciences Liverpool University of Liverpool Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Oceanography Cape Town University of Cape Town ANR-10-LABX-0018,L-IPSL,LabEx Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL): Understand climate and anticipate future changes(2010) 2014-04 https://hal.science/hal-00983558 https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2101 en eng HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/NGEO2101 hal-00983558 https://hal.science/hal-00983558 BIBCODE: 2014NatGe.7.314T doi:10.1038/NGEO2101 ISSN: 1752-0894 Nature Geoscience https://hal.science/hal-00983558 Nature Geoscience, 2014, 7, pp.314-320. ⟨10.1038/NGEO2101⟩ [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2014 ftepunivpsaclay https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2101 2024-04-25T00:26:25Z International audience Low levels of iron limit primary productivity across much of the Southern Ocean. At the basin scale, most dissolved iron is supplied to surface waters from subsurface reservoirs, because land inputs are spatially limited. Deep mixing in winter together with year-round diffusion across density surfaces, known as diapycnal diffusion, are the main physical processes that carry iron-laden subsurface waters to the surface. Here, we analyse data on dissolved iron concentrations in the top 1,000 m of the Southern Ocean, taken from all known and available cruises to date, together with hydrographic data to determine the relative importance of deep winter mixing and diapycnal diffusion to dissolved iron fluxes at the basin scale. Using information on the vertical distribution of iron we show that deep winter mixing supplies ten times more iron to the surface ocean each year, on average, than diapycnal diffusion. Biological observations from the sub-Antarctic sector suggest that following the depletion of this wintertime iron pulse, intense iron recycling sustains productivity over the subsequent spring and summer. We conclude that winter mixing and surface-water iron recycling are important drivers of temporal variations in Southern Ocean primary production. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay: HAL Nature Geoscience 7 4 314 320 |