Foraging habitat and performances of King penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, 1778 at Kerguelen islands in relation to climatic variability

• Main Authors: Bost, Charles-André, Goarant, Anne, Scheffer, Annette, Koubbi, Philippe, Duhamel, Guy, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit
• Other Authors: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Book Part
• Language: English
• Published: CCSD 2011
• Subjects: top-predators; Kerguelen; Penguins; foraging; habitat modelling; Climate variability; [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Austral; Kerguelen Islands; Manchot; Southern Ocean; Crozet Islands; Institut Polaire Français; King Penguins
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00624577

ABSTRACT. - Understanding how climate change affects the foraging ecology of key marine predators is an important issue in the study of southern ocean food webs. since 1998, we have conducted a long term research program on the foraging ecology of a top-diving predator, the King penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus, simultaneously at Kerguelen and Crozet islands with the support of the iPeV (institut Polaire français). King penguin is one of the most important predatory birds at Kerguelen. in summer, they forage preferentially along large-scale physical features and use the three dimensions of hydrographic features to feed on myctophid fishes (the penguins' main prey and a major prey species in the Southern Ocean). Primarily, this study aims to evaluate how the change in foraging parameters and success of penguins reflect the impact of oceanographic conditions on key food webs in the polar frontal zone. each summer, breeding (incubation and brooding) penguins from the ratmanoff colony (Courbet Peninsula, Kerguelen; 100 000 pairs) are instrumented with Argos transmitters or GPS with time-temperature-depth recorders. Here we provide a first modelling approach to the King penguin's foraging habitat during summer from static variables (bathymetry), dynamic variables (SSHt, SST, Chlorophyll) and their related trends (gradients). In addition, trawl data on the distribution of myctophid fishes have been integrated. The most important factors explaining penguin foraging location are the ssht, the bathymetry gradient and the sst. results of interannual change in penguins at-sea trajectories, diving behaviour, foraging success and effort are discussed according to the interannual changes in the hydrographic structure in the Kerguelen region. RÉSUMÉ. - Habitat d'alimentation du manchot royal (Aptenodytes patagonicus) à Kerguelen. Comprendre comment les changements climatiques vont affecter les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'océan Austral et les chaînes trophiques dont ils dépendent est d'un intérêt majeur. Depuis 1998, nous ...