Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere
Modern halogenated inhalation anesthetics undergo little metabolization during clinical application and evaporate almost completely to the atmosphere. Based on their first measurements in a range of environments, from urban areas to the pristine Antarctic environment, we detect a rapid accumulation...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062785 |
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ftempa:oai:dora:empa_6687 2023-05-15T13:42:51+02:00 Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere Vollmer, Martin K. Rhee, Tae Siek Rigby, Matt Hofstetter, Doris Hill, Matthias Schoenenberger, Fabian Reimann, Stefan 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062785 eng eng Wiley Geophysical Research Letters--Geophys. Res. Lett.--journals:1144--0094-8276 empa:6687 journal id: journals:1144 issn: 0094-8276 ut: 000351847600044 local: 19436 scopus: 2-s2.0-84924076441 doi:10.1002/2014GL062785 Text Journal Article 2015 ftempa https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062785 2023-03-04T17:15:49Z Modern halogenated inhalation anesthetics undergo little metabolization during clinical application and evaporate almost completely to the atmosphere. Based on their first measurements in a range of environments, from urban areas to the pristine Antarctic environment, we detect a rapid accumulation and ubiquitous presence of isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane in the global atmosphere. Over the past decade, their abundances in the atmosphere have increased to global mean mole fractions in 2014 of 0.097ppt, 0.30ppt, and 0.13ppt (parts per trillion, 10 −12 , in dry air), respectively. Emissions of these long-lived greenhouse gases inferred from the observations suggest a global combined release to the atmosphere of 3.1 ± 0.6 million t CO 2 equivalent in 2014 of which ≈80% stems from desflurane. We also report on halothane, a previously widely used anesthetic. Its global mean mole fraction has declined to 9.2ppq (parts per quadrillion, 10 −15 ) by 2014. However, the inferred present usage is still 280 ±120t yr −1 . Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic DORA Empa Antarctic Geophysical Research Letters 42 5 1606 1611 |
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Open Polar |
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DORA Empa |
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ftempa |
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English |
description |
Modern halogenated inhalation anesthetics undergo little metabolization during clinical application and evaporate almost completely to the atmosphere. Based on their first measurements in a range of environments, from urban areas to the pristine Antarctic environment, we detect a rapid accumulation and ubiquitous presence of isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane in the global atmosphere. Over the past decade, their abundances in the atmosphere have increased to global mean mole fractions in 2014 of 0.097ppt, 0.30ppt, and 0.13ppt (parts per trillion, 10 −12 , in dry air), respectively. Emissions of these long-lived greenhouse gases inferred from the observations suggest a global combined release to the atmosphere of 3.1 ± 0.6 million t CO 2 equivalent in 2014 of which ≈80% stems from desflurane. We also report on halothane, a previously widely used anesthetic. Its global mean mole fraction has declined to 9.2ppq (parts per quadrillion, 10 −15 ) by 2014. However, the inferred present usage is still 280 ±120t yr −1 . |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vollmer, Martin K. Rhee, Tae Siek Rigby, Matt Hofstetter, Doris Hill, Matthias Schoenenberger, Fabian Reimann, Stefan |
spellingShingle |
Vollmer, Martin K. Rhee, Tae Siek Rigby, Matt Hofstetter, Doris Hill, Matthias Schoenenberger, Fabian Reimann, Stefan Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
author_facet |
Vollmer, Martin K. Rhee, Tae Siek Rigby, Matt Hofstetter, Doris Hill, Matthias Schoenenberger, Fabian Reimann, Stefan |
author_sort |
Vollmer, Martin K. |
title |
Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
title_short |
Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
title_full |
Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
title_fullStr |
Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
title_sort |
modern inhalation anesthetics: potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062785 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
Geophysical Research Letters--Geophys. Res. Lett.--journals:1144--0094-8276 empa:6687 journal id: journals:1144 issn: 0094-8276 ut: 000351847600044 local: 19436 scopus: 2-s2.0-84924076441 doi:10.1002/2014GL062785 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062785 |
container_title |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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42 |
container_issue |
5 |
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1606 |
op_container_end_page |
1611 |
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1766173537554399232 |