Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web
Anthropogenic carbon emissions are causing changes in seawater carbonate chemistry including a decline in the pH of the oceans. While its aftermath for calcifying microbes has been widely studied, the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine viruses and their microbial hosts is controversial, an...
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Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia
2021
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ftedithcowan:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworkspost2013-11380 2023-05-15T17:50:52+02:00 Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web Malits, Andrea Boras, Julia A. Balagué, Vanessa Calvo, Eva Gasol, Josep M. Marrasé, Cèlia Pelejero, Carles Pinhassi, Jarone Sala, Maria Montserrat Vaqué, Dolors 2021-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/10374 https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11380&context=ecuworkspost2013 unknown Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/10374 https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11380&context=ecuworkspost2013 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Research outputs 2014 to 2021 carbon fluxes eutrophication microbial food web ocean acidification viral shunt Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Mathematics Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology text 2021 ftedithcowan 2022-02-26T23:48:02Z Anthropogenic carbon emissions are causing changes in seawater carbonate chemistry including a decline in the pH of the oceans. While its aftermath for calcifying microbes has been widely studied, the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine viruses and their microbial hosts is controversial, and even more in combination with another anthropogenic stressor, i.e., human-induced nutrient loads. In this study, two mesocosm acidification experiments with Mediterranean waters from different seasons revealed distinct effects of OA on viruses and viral-mediated prokaryotic mortality depending on the trophic state and the successional stage of the plankton community. In the winter bloom situation, low fluorescence viruses, the most abundant virus-like particle (VLP) subpopulation comprising mostly bacteriophages, were negatively affected by lowered pH with nutrient addition, while the bacterial host abundance was stimulated. High fluorescence viruses, containing cyanophages, were stimulated by OA regardless of the nutrient conditions, while cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus were negatively affected by OA. Moreover, the abundance of very high fluorescence viruses infecting small haptophytes tended to be lower under acidification while their putative hosts' abundance was enhanced, suggesting a direct and negative effect of OA on viral–host interactions. In the oligotrophic summer situation, we found a stimulating effect of OA on total viral abundance and the viral populations, suggesting a cascading effect of the elevated pCO2 stimulating autotrophic and heterotrophic production. In winter, viral lysis accounted for 30 ± 16% of the loss of bacterial standing stock per day (VMMBSS) under increased pCO2 compared to 53 ± 35% in the control treatments, without effects of nutrient additions while in summer, OA had no significant effects on VMMBSS (35 ± 20% and 38 ± 5% per day in the OA and control treatments, respectively). We found that phage production and resulting organic carbon release rates significantly reduced under OA in the nutrient replete winter situation, but it was also observed that high nutrient loads lowered the negative effect of OA on viral lysis, suggesting an antagonistic interplay between these two major global ocean stressors in the Anthropocene. In summer, however, viral-mediated carbon release rates were lower and not affected by lowered pH. Eutrophication consistently stimulated viral production regardless of the season or initial conditions. Given the relevant role of viruses for marine carbon cycling and the biological carbon pump, these two anthropogenic stressors may modulate carbon fluxes through their effect on viruses at the base of the pelagic food web in a future global change scenario. Text Ocean acidification Edith Cowan University (ECU, Australia): Research Online |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Edith Cowan University (ECU, Australia): Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftedithcowan |
language |
unknown |
topic |
carbon fluxes eutrophication microbial food web ocean acidification viral shunt Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Mathematics Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
spellingShingle |
carbon fluxes eutrophication microbial food web ocean acidification viral shunt Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Mathematics Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Malits, Andrea Boras, Julia A. Balagué, Vanessa Calvo, Eva Gasol, Josep M. Marrasé, Cèlia Pelejero, Carles Pinhassi, Jarone Sala, Maria Montserrat Vaqué, Dolors Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
topic_facet |
carbon fluxes eutrophication microbial food web ocean acidification viral shunt Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Mathematics Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
description |
Anthropogenic carbon emissions are causing changes in seawater carbonate chemistry including a decline in the pH of the oceans. While its aftermath for calcifying microbes has been widely studied, the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine viruses and their microbial hosts is controversial, and even more in combination with another anthropogenic stressor, i.e., human-induced nutrient loads. In this study, two mesocosm acidification experiments with Mediterranean waters from different seasons revealed distinct effects of OA on viruses and viral-mediated prokaryotic mortality depending on the trophic state and the successional stage of the plankton community. In the winter bloom situation, low fluorescence viruses, the most abundant virus-like particle (VLP) subpopulation comprising mostly bacteriophages, were negatively affected by lowered pH with nutrient addition, while the bacterial host abundance was stimulated. High fluorescence viruses, containing cyanophages, were stimulated by OA regardless of the nutrient conditions, while cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus were negatively affected by OA. Moreover, the abundance of very high fluorescence viruses infecting small haptophytes tended to be lower under acidification while their putative hosts' abundance was enhanced, suggesting a direct and negative effect of OA on viral–host interactions. In the oligotrophic summer situation, we found a stimulating effect of OA on total viral abundance and the viral populations, suggesting a cascading effect of the elevated pCO2 stimulating autotrophic and heterotrophic production. In winter, viral lysis accounted for 30 ± 16% of the loss of bacterial standing stock per day (VMMBSS) under increased pCO2 compared to 53 ± 35% in the control treatments, without effects of nutrient additions while in summer, OA had no significant effects on VMMBSS (35 ± 20% and 38 ± 5% per day in the OA and control treatments, respectively). We found that phage production and resulting organic carbon release rates significantly reduced under OA in the nutrient replete winter situation, but it was also observed that high nutrient loads lowered the negative effect of OA on viral lysis, suggesting an antagonistic interplay between these two major global ocean stressors in the Anthropocene. In summer, however, viral-mediated carbon release rates were lower and not affected by lowered pH. Eutrophication consistently stimulated viral production regardless of the season or initial conditions. Given the relevant role of viruses for marine carbon cycling and the biological carbon pump, these two anthropogenic stressors may modulate carbon fluxes through their effect on viruses at the base of the pelagic food web in a future global change scenario. |
format |
Text |
author |
Malits, Andrea Boras, Julia A. Balagué, Vanessa Calvo, Eva Gasol, Josep M. Marrasé, Cèlia Pelejero, Carles Pinhassi, Jarone Sala, Maria Montserrat Vaqué, Dolors |
author_facet |
Malits, Andrea Boras, Julia A. Balagué, Vanessa Calvo, Eva Gasol, Josep M. Marrasé, Cèlia Pelejero, Carles Pinhassi, Jarone Sala, Maria Montserrat Vaqué, Dolors |
author_sort |
Malits, Andrea |
title |
Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
title_short |
Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
title_full |
Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
title_fullStr |
Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: Consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
title_sort |
viral-mediated microbe mortality modulated by ocean acidification and eutrophication: consequences for the carbon fluxes through the microbial food web |
publisher |
Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/10374 https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11380&context=ecuworkspost2013 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Research outputs 2014 to 2021 |
op_relation |
https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/10374 https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11380&context=ecuworkspost2013 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
_version_ |
1766157793696415744 |