Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability
International audience The acceleration of ice sheet melting has been observed over the last few decades. Recent observations and modeling studies have suggested that the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise could have been underestimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate C...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2017
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/document https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion%20%281%29.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/PNAS-2017-Defrance-1619358114.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 |
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ftecolephe:oai:HAL:ird-01534034v1 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
EPHE (Ecole pratique des hautes études, Paris): HAL |
op_collection_id |
ftecolephe |
language |
English |
topic |
Sahel ice sheet melting Climate change migration impact Vulnerability [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography |
spellingShingle |
Sahel ice sheet melting Climate change migration impact Vulnerability [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography Defrance, Dimitri Ramstein, Gilles Charbit, Sylvie Vrac, Mathieu Famien, Adjoua Moïse Sultan, Benjamin Swingedouw, Didier Dumas, Christophe Gemenne, François Alvarez-Solas, Jorge Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
topic_facet |
Sahel ice sheet melting Climate change migration impact Vulnerability [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography |
description |
International audience The acceleration of ice sheet melting has been observed over the last few decades. Recent observations and modeling studies have suggested that the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise could have been underestimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. The ensuing freshwater discharge coming from ice sheets could have significant impacts on global climate, and especially on the vulnerable tropical areas. During the last glacial/deglacial period, megadrought episodes were observed in the Sahel region at the time of massive iceberg surges, leading to large freshwater discharges. In the future, such episodes have the potential to induce a drastic destabilization of the Sahelian agro-ecosystem. Using a climate modeling approach, we investigate this issue by superimposing on the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) baseline experiment a Greenland flash melting scenario corresponding to an additional sea level rise ranging from 0.5 m to 3 m. Our model response to freshwater discharge coming from Greenland melting reveals a significant decrease of the West African monsoon rainfall, leading to changes in agricultural practices. Combined with a strong population increase, described by different demography projections, important human migration flows could be potentially induced. We estimate that, without any adaptation measures, tens to hundreds million people could be forced to leave the Sahel by the end of this century. On top of this quantification, the sea level rise impact over coastal areas has to be superimposed, implying that the Sahel population could be strongly at threat in case of rapid Greenland melting. |
author2 |
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Modélisation du climat (CLIM) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (UFHB) Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Cultures, Environnements, Arctique, Représentations, Climat (CEARC) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid Madrid (UCM) Financement DSM-énergie CEA European Project: 692413,H2020,H2020-TWINN-2015,EDGE(2016) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Defrance, Dimitri Ramstein, Gilles Charbit, Sylvie Vrac, Mathieu Famien, Adjoua Moïse Sultan, Benjamin Swingedouw, Didier Dumas, Christophe Gemenne, François Alvarez-Solas, Jorge Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul |
author_facet |
Defrance, Dimitri Ramstein, Gilles Charbit, Sylvie Vrac, Mathieu Famien, Adjoua Moïse Sultan, Benjamin Swingedouw, Didier Dumas, Christophe Gemenne, François Alvarez-Solas, Jorge Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul |
author_sort |
Defrance, Dimitri |
title |
Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
title_short |
Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
title_full |
Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
title_fullStr |
Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability |
title_sort |
consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the sahelian population vulnerability |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/document https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion%20%281%29.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/PNAS-2017-Defrance-1619358114.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet |
op_source |
ISSN: 0027-8424 EISSN: 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114 (25), pp.6533-6538. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1619358114⟩ http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/05/30/1619358114 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//692413/EU/Environmental Diplomacy and Geopolitics/EDGE ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/document https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion%20%281%29.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/PNAS-2017-Defrance-1619358114.pdf doi:10.1073/pnas.1619358114 IRD: fdi:010070248 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
114 |
container_issue |
25 |
container_start_page |
6533 |
op_container_end_page |
6538 |
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1810446769714102272 |
spelling |
ftecolephe:oai:HAL:ird-01534034v1 2024-09-15T18:09:18+00:00 Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability Defrance, Dimitri Ramstein, Gilles Charbit, Sylvie Vrac, Mathieu Famien, Adjoua Moïse Sultan, Benjamin Swingedouw, Didier Dumas, Christophe Gemenne, François Alvarez-Solas, Jorge Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Modélisation du climat (CLIM) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (UFHB) Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI) Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Cultures, Environnements, Arctique, Représentations, Climat (CEARC) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid Madrid (UCM) Financement DSM-énergie CEA European Project: 692413,H2020,H2020-TWINN-2015,EDGE(2016) 2017-06-05 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/document https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion%20%281%29.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/PNAS-2017-Defrance-1619358114.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 en eng HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//692413/EU/Environmental Diplomacy and Geopolitics/EDGE ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/document https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/article_auteurversion%20%281%29.pdf https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034/file/PNAS-2017-Defrance-1619358114.pdf doi:10.1073/pnas.1619358114 IRD: fdi:010070248 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0027-8424 EISSN: 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America https://ird.hal.science/ird-01534034 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114 (25), pp.6533-6538. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1619358114⟩ http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/05/30/1619358114 Sahel ice sheet melting Climate change migration impact Vulnerability [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2017 ftecolephe https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114 2024-08-05T23:36:09Z International audience The acceleration of ice sheet melting has been observed over the last few decades. Recent observations and modeling studies have suggested that the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise could have been underestimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. The ensuing freshwater discharge coming from ice sheets could have significant impacts on global climate, and especially on the vulnerable tropical areas. During the last glacial/deglacial period, megadrought episodes were observed in the Sahel region at the time of massive iceberg surges, leading to large freshwater discharges. In the future, such episodes have the potential to induce a drastic destabilization of the Sahelian agro-ecosystem. Using a climate modeling approach, we investigate this issue by superimposing on the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) baseline experiment a Greenland flash melting scenario corresponding to an additional sea level rise ranging from 0.5 m to 3 m. Our model response to freshwater discharge coming from Greenland melting reveals a significant decrease of the West African monsoon rainfall, leading to changes in agricultural practices. Combined with a strong population increase, described by different demography projections, important human migration flows could be potentially induced. We estimate that, without any adaptation measures, tens to hundreds million people could be forced to leave the Sahel by the end of this century. On top of this quantification, the sea level rise impact over coastal areas has to be superimposed, implying that the Sahel population could be strongly at threat in case of rapid Greenland melting. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet EPHE (Ecole pratique des hautes études, Paris): HAL Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 25 6533 6538 |