Volcanisme global et variations climatiques de courte durée dans l'histoire romaine (Ier s. av. J.-C. - IVème s. ap. J.-C.) : leçons d'une archive glaciaire (GISP2)

• Main Authors: Rossignol, Benoît, Durost, Sébastien
• Other Authors: Anthropologie et Histoire des Mondes Antiques (ANHIMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2010
• Subjects: Volcanic forcing; Gallic war; antonine plague; third century crisis; roman warm period; climatology; ice-core; dendrochronology; Roman empire; Julius Caesar; Marcus Aurelius; Gallienus; Jules César; Marc Aurèle; Gallien; forçage volcanique; Taupo; guerre des Gaules; peste antonine; crise du troisième siècle; optimum romain; climatologie; carotte glaciaire; dendrochronologie; empire romain; han; [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History; [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies; [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society; [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies; ice core
• Online Access: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00565588

The publication of ice-core records in the 1990s , and especially GISP2, recounted the main episodes of global volcanism that might have resulted in important climate-forcing. In pre-modern societies, this volcanic climate-forcing generally caused agricultural, health and social troubles (such as food shortages, epidemics, riots.). Comparing ice-core records with some episodes of Roman antiquity proves fruitful. The background to the end of the Gallic war (55-51 BC) seems to be marked by an important atmospheric disturbance which might partially account for the suddenness of some events of the Gallic rebellion of 52BC, and its most critical aspects. Some of the troubles of the late Antonine period might also be accounted for by similar volcanic events (ca. 154, ca. 162 and ca. 181 AD). However, there is no reason to link the events of the Deserters' war to the cataclysmic eruption of Lake Taupo, contrary to what was suggested in the 1980s. Finally, following this period, volcanic activity in the third century seems to have been more regular in a less favourable climatic era : did these factors contribute to the troubles of the Empire at that critical time ? As it is, the existence in the 260s of a disturbance of at least equal importance as that of the Antonine period, has been attested. On the contrary, the fourth century after 332 AD, bears no trace of any major eruption : no volcanic forcing disturbed imperial recovery then. Les résultats publiés des carottes glaciaires prélevées dans les années 1990, en particulier GISP2, retracent les épisodes majeurs du volcanisme mondial susceptibles d'avoir causé des perturbations climatiques importantes. Dans les sociétés pré-modernes de telles perturbations engendrent en général des troubles agricoles, sanitaires et sociaux (disette, épidémies, émeutes.). La confrontation des résultats des carottes glaciaires à certains épisodes de l'antiquité romaine est fertile. Le contexte de la fin de la guerre des Gaules (55-51) semble être marqué par une importante perturbation ...