Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument
North American black bears (U. americanus) and brown bears (U. arctos) can be difficult to distinguish in the fossil record due to similar dental and skeletal morphologies. Challenges identifying ursid material from Oregon Caves National Monument (ORCA) called for an accurate tool to distinguish the...
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fteasttennesseeu:oai:dc.etsu.edu:asrf-1418 2023-07-30T04:06:10+02:00 Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument Bogner, Emily Schubert, Blaine W Samuels, Josh X 2019-04-12T20:20:00Z https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/39 unknown Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/39 Appalachian Student Research Forum Quaternary Bears Bergamn’s Rule Oregon Caves National Monument Paleobiology text 2019 fteasttennesseeu 2023-07-15T18:59:57Z North American black bears (U. americanus) and brown bears (U. arctos) can be difficult to distinguish in the fossil record due to similar dental and skeletal morphologies. Challenges identifying ursid material from Oregon Caves National Monument (ORCA) called for an accurate tool to distinguish the species. Ursid teeth have a high degree of variability and morphological features are not always diagnostic. This study utilized a large database of lower tooth lengths (p4, m1, m2, and m3) and ratios (p4/m1, m2/m1, m3/m1, p4/m3, m2/m3) in an attempt to differentiate U. americanus and U. arctos in North America. Further, this project examined how these linear measurements differ in response to ecoregion, latitude, and climate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found significant differences between U. americanus and U. arctos from across North America for every variable studied. Stepwise discriminant analyses (DA) found lengths separated species better than ratios with 99.1% correct classification versus 77.5% correct classification for ratios. When sexes were analyzed, ANOVA only found significant differences for lengths while DA found lengths and ratios could not accurately distinguish between sexes; only 72.1% of sexes were classified correctly while utilizing lengths and 61% for ratios. Seventeen previously identified fossil specimens from across North America, in addition to the ORCA specimen, demonstrated the utility of this study, confirming several identifications and rejecting others, proposing the need for new designations. Text Orca Ursus arctos Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
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Open Polar |
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Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
op_collection_id |
fteasttennesseeu |
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topic |
Quaternary Bears Bergamn’s Rule Oregon Caves National Monument Paleobiology |
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Quaternary Bears Bergamn’s Rule Oregon Caves National Monument Paleobiology Bogner, Emily Schubert, Blaine W Samuels, Josh X Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
topic_facet |
Quaternary Bears Bergamn’s Rule Oregon Caves National Monument Paleobiology |
description |
North American black bears (U. americanus) and brown bears (U. arctos) can be difficult to distinguish in the fossil record due to similar dental and skeletal morphologies. Challenges identifying ursid material from Oregon Caves National Monument (ORCA) called for an accurate tool to distinguish the species. Ursid teeth have a high degree of variability and morphological features are not always diagnostic. This study utilized a large database of lower tooth lengths (p4, m1, m2, and m3) and ratios (p4/m1, m2/m1, m3/m1, p4/m3, m2/m3) in an attempt to differentiate U. americanus and U. arctos in North America. Further, this project examined how these linear measurements differ in response to ecoregion, latitude, and climate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found significant differences between U. americanus and U. arctos from across North America for every variable studied. Stepwise discriminant analyses (DA) found lengths separated species better than ratios with 99.1% correct classification versus 77.5% correct classification for ratios. When sexes were analyzed, ANOVA only found significant differences for lengths while DA found lengths and ratios could not accurately distinguish between sexes; only 72.1% of sexes were classified correctly while utilizing lengths and 61% for ratios. Seventeen previously identified fossil specimens from across North America, in addition to the ORCA specimen, demonstrated the utility of this study, confirming several identifications and rejecting others, proposing the need for new designations. |
format |
Text |
author |
Bogner, Emily Schubert, Blaine W Samuels, Josh X |
author_facet |
Bogner, Emily Schubert, Blaine W Samuels, Josh X |
author_sort |
Bogner, Emily |
title |
Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
title_short |
Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
title_full |
Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
title_fullStr |
Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
title_full_unstemmed |
Differentiating Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Geographically using Linear Measurements of Teeth and Identification of Ursids from Oregon Caves National Monument |
title_sort |
differentiating black bears (ursus americanus) and brown bears (ursus arctos) geographically using linear measurements of teeth and identification of ursids from oregon caves national monument |
publisher |
Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/39 |
genre |
Orca Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Orca Ursus arctos |
op_source |
Appalachian Student Research Forum |
op_relation |
https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/39 |
_version_ |
1772818603073077248 |