L'habitat HLM dans la communauté inuit d'Akulivik

• Main Authors: Déjos, Emmanuelle, Craïssac, Florian
• Other Authors: École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Toulouse (ENSA Toulouse), Patrick Pérez
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: Sédentarisation; Nunavik > Canada; Akulivik > Canada; Environment; Vernacular architecture; Climat; Environnement; Pergélisol; Participation; Espaces; Construction; Logement; Inuit; Nomadisme; Architecture vernaculaire; Housing; Spaces; Permafrost; Climate; Settlement; Nomadism; [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society; [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture; space management; Nunavik; Canada; Ungava Peninsula; Akulivik; inuit; Péninsule d'Ungava; permafrost; Ungava peninsula; pergélisol
• Online Access: https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00997574; https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00997574/document; https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00997574/file/MemoireCraissacDejos2014-04-17.pdf

This study focuses on the spatial organization of dwellings, the tradition until today, as well as in the constructive aspects of housing HLM in Nunavik, and more precisely in the community of Akulivik. To understand the current state of housing in Nunavik, we first located the region in its historical and geographical context, and trying to understand the political and economic issues. We have seen how the Inuit communities, settled in the 50s in 14 coastal villages of the Ungava Peninsula, moved from a habitat built with local materials, to HLM housing, designed and prefabricated in the southern of the province, on the euro-Canadian model. Their lifestyles were significantly disrupted, causing a loss of identity and certain social problems. However, Inuit appropriate these spaces in their own way, by trying to preserve certain cultural practices. On the other hand, houses, little successful energetically, incite the designers to develop prototypes of housing "passiv house" type in order to improve the construction in the Far North. We finally underlined how much it is essential to conceive housing environments adapted to this particularly binding environment, to make Inuit less dependent on oil resources, and to favor their participation in the conception and in the construction of their housing environment. Cette étude porte sur l'organisation spatiale des habitations, de la tradition jusqu'à aujourd'hui, ainsi que sur les aspects constructifs des logements HLM au Nunavik, et plus précisément dans la communauté d'Akulivik. Afin de comprendre l'état actuel du logement au Nunavik, nous avons tout d'abord situé la région dans son contexte historique et géographique, et tenté de comprendre les enjeux politiques et économiques. Nous avons vu comment les communautés Inuit, sédentarisées dans les années 50 dans 14 villages côtiers de la péninsule d'Ungava sont passées d'un habitat bâti avec des matériaux locaux, à des logements HLM, conçus et préfabriqués dans le sud de la province sur le modèle euro-canadien. ...