Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada
Most arctic communities use primary wastewater treatment systems that are capable of only low levels of pathogen removal. Effluent potentially containing fecally derived microorganisms is released into wetlands and marine waters that may simultaneously serve as recreation or food harvesting location...
Published in: | Science of The Total Environment |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2019
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Online Access: | https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/4d5a8a8a-37f5-494d-889d-8e3664b8584e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/195437881/Daley_et_al_2019_Post_print.pdf |
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ftdtupubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4d5a8a8a-37f5-494d-889d-8e3664b8584e 2023-08-27T04:07:33+02:00 Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada Daley, Kiley Jamieson, Rob Rainham, Daniel Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup Harper, Sherilee L. 2019 application/pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/4d5a8a8a-37f5-494d-889d-8e3664b8584e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/195437881/Daley_et_al_2019_Post_print.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Daley , K , Jamieson , R , Rainham , D , Hansen , L T & Harper , S L 2019 , ' Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada ' , Science of the Total Environment , vol. 657 , pp. 1253-1264 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 Indigenous health Arctic Rural and remote health Qantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water SDG 14 - Life Below Water article 2019 ftdtupubl https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 2023-08-02T22:58:10Z Most arctic communities use primary wastewater treatment systems that are capable of only low levels of pathogen removal. Effluent potentially containing fecally derived microorganisms is released into wetlands and marine waters that may simultaneously serve as recreation or food harvesting locations for local populations. The purpose of this study is to provide the first estimates of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Arctic Canada. A screening-level, point estimate quantitative microbial risk assessment model was developed to evaluate worst-case scenarios across an array of exposure pathways in five case study locations. A high annual AGI incidence rate of 5.0 cases per person is estimated in Pangnirtung, where a mechanical treatment plant discharges directly to marine waters, with all cases occurring during low tide conditions. The probability of AGI per person per single exposure during this period ranges between 1.0 × 10−1 (shore recreation) and 6.0 × 10−1 (shellfish consumption). A moderate incidence rate of 1.2 episodes of AGI per person is estimated in Naujaat, where a treatment system consisting of a pond and tundra wetland is used, with the majority of cases occurring during spring. The pathway with the highest individual probability of AGI per single exposure event is wetland travel at 6.0 × 10−1. All other risk probabilities per single exposure are <1.0 × 10−1. The AGI incidence rates estimated for the other three case study locations are <0.1. These findings suggest that wastewater treatment sites may be contributing to elevated rates of AGI in some arctic Canadian communities. Absolute risk values, however, should be weighed with caution based on the exploratory nature of this study design. These results can be used to inform future risk assessment and epidemiological research as well as support public health and sanitation decisions in the region. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Naujaat Nunavut Pangnirtung Tundra Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit Arctic Canada Level Point ENVELOPE(-55.731,-55.731,52.467,52.467) Naujaat ENVELOPE(-86.244,-86.244,66.529,66.529) Nunavut Pangnirtung ENVELOPE(-65.707,-65.707,66.145,66.145) Science of The Total Environment 657 1253 1264 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit |
op_collection_id |
ftdtupubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Indigenous health Arctic Rural and remote health Qantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water SDG 14 - Life Below Water |
spellingShingle |
Indigenous health Arctic Rural and remote health Qantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water SDG 14 - Life Below Water Daley, Kiley Jamieson, Rob Rainham, Daniel Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup Harper, Sherilee L. Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
topic_facet |
Indigenous health Arctic Rural and remote health Qantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water SDG 14 - Life Below Water |
description |
Most arctic communities use primary wastewater treatment systems that are capable of only low levels of pathogen removal. Effluent potentially containing fecally derived microorganisms is released into wetlands and marine waters that may simultaneously serve as recreation or food harvesting locations for local populations. The purpose of this study is to provide the first estimates of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Arctic Canada. A screening-level, point estimate quantitative microbial risk assessment model was developed to evaluate worst-case scenarios across an array of exposure pathways in five case study locations. A high annual AGI incidence rate of 5.0 cases per person is estimated in Pangnirtung, where a mechanical treatment plant discharges directly to marine waters, with all cases occurring during low tide conditions. The probability of AGI per person per single exposure during this period ranges between 1.0 × 10−1 (shore recreation) and 6.0 × 10−1 (shellfish consumption). A moderate incidence rate of 1.2 episodes of AGI per person is estimated in Naujaat, where a treatment system consisting of a pond and tundra wetland is used, with the majority of cases occurring during spring. The pathway with the highest individual probability of AGI per single exposure event is wetland travel at 6.0 × 10−1. All other risk probabilities per single exposure are <1.0 × 10−1. The AGI incidence rates estimated for the other three case study locations are <0.1. These findings suggest that wastewater treatment sites may be contributing to elevated rates of AGI in some arctic Canadian communities. Absolute risk values, however, should be weighed with caution based on the exploratory nature of this study design. These results can be used to inform future risk assessment and epidemiological research as well as support public health and sanitation decisions in the region. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Daley, Kiley Jamieson, Rob Rainham, Daniel Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup Harper, Sherilee L. |
author_facet |
Daley, Kiley Jamieson, Rob Rainham, Daniel Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup Harper, Sherilee L. |
author_sort |
Daley, Kiley |
title |
Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
title_short |
Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
title_full |
Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
title_fullStr |
Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada |
title_sort |
screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in nunavut, canada |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/4d5a8a8a-37f5-494d-889d-8e3664b8584e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/195437881/Daley_et_al_2019_Post_print.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-55.731,-55.731,52.467,52.467) ENVELOPE(-86.244,-86.244,66.529,66.529) ENVELOPE(-65.707,-65.707,66.145,66.145) |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Level Point Naujaat Nunavut Pangnirtung |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Level Point Naujaat Nunavut Pangnirtung |
genre |
Arctic Naujaat Nunavut Pangnirtung Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Naujaat Nunavut Pangnirtung Tundra |
op_source |
Daley , K , Jamieson , R , Rainham , D , Hansen , L T & Harper , S L 2019 , ' Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada ' , Science of the Total Environment , vol. 657 , pp. 1253-1264 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.408 |
container_title |
Science of The Total Environment |
container_volume |
657 |
container_start_page |
1253 |
op_container_end_page |
1264 |
_version_ |
1775348311036788736 |