Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds
The use of plant-based feeds has introduced undesirables, such as pesticides, that have previously not been associated with seawater farming of fish species such as Atlantic salmon. Earlier wide-scope chemical screening showed that the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl (PM-m) is one of the most...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 |
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ftdtupubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b 2024-09-15T17:55:56+00:00 Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds Berntssen, Marc H.G. Rosenlund, Grethe Garlito, Borja Amlund, Heidi Sissener, Nini H. Bernhard, Annette Sanden, Monica 2021 https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 eng eng https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Berntssen , M H G , Rosenlund , G , Garlito , B , Amlund , H , Sissener , N H , Bernhard , A & Sanden , M 2021 , ' Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds ' , Aquaculture , vol. 531 , 735825 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 Feed Fish health Lipid metabolism Pirimiphos-methyl Salmon article 2021 ftdtupubl https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 2024-08-13T00:03:06Z The use of plant-based feeds has introduced undesirables, such as pesticides, that have previously not been associated with seawater farming of fish species such as Atlantic salmon. Earlier wide-scope chemical screening showed that the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl (PM-m) is one of the most prevalent pesticides present in commercially produced Atlantic salmon feed. Information on the safe upper limit of background levels of PM-m in Atlantic salmon feeds with regards to possible adverse effect on fish health is lacking. Therefore, Atlantic salmon (132 ± 25 g) were fed graded levels of PM-m spiked feeds (0, 0.35, 1.5, 5, and 22 mg kg −1 ) in triplicate for 3 months. Adverse effects were assessed on OP target toxic exposure such as plasma choline esterase (ChE), and secondary toxic responses such as lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, as well as general adverse effect parameters (plasma biochemistry, haematology, and growth). Safe limits were set by model-fitting the effect data in a dose-response (lower bound) bench mark dose (BMDL) regression analysis. Fish fed 1.5 mg kg −1 and higher had a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent growth reduction, oxidative stress as seen from reduced glutathione ratio, liver damage as seen from plasma alkaline phosphatase, and reduced sum neutral and TAG liver lipids. Inhibition of ChE was observed in fish fed 5 mg kg −1 and above. Disturbance in phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition and reduced level of liver phosphatidyl choline (PC) occurred at a lower exposure level (0.35 and 1.5 mg kg −1 ), however this was not dose-dependent as at higher exposure levels (5 and 22 mg kg −1 ), no significant differences were observed. A safe feed limit (as BMDL) for dietary PM-m was set at 0.14–0.46 mg kg −1 ww feed (daily dose 0.49–1.62 ng kg BW −1 day −1 ), based on inhibited growth, ChE, glutathione ratio, and sum neutral and TAG liver lipids. When including an estimated uncertainty factor (UF) of five for inter-species variability and extrapolation to chronic exposure, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit Aquaculture 531 735825 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit |
op_collection_id |
ftdtupubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Feed Fish health Lipid metabolism Pirimiphos-methyl Salmon |
spellingShingle |
Feed Fish health Lipid metabolism Pirimiphos-methyl Salmon Berntssen, Marc H.G. Rosenlund, Grethe Garlito, Borja Amlund, Heidi Sissener, Nini H. Bernhard, Annette Sanden, Monica Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
topic_facet |
Feed Fish health Lipid metabolism Pirimiphos-methyl Salmon |
description |
The use of plant-based feeds has introduced undesirables, such as pesticides, that have previously not been associated with seawater farming of fish species such as Atlantic salmon. Earlier wide-scope chemical screening showed that the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl (PM-m) is one of the most prevalent pesticides present in commercially produced Atlantic salmon feed. Information on the safe upper limit of background levels of PM-m in Atlantic salmon feeds with regards to possible adverse effect on fish health is lacking. Therefore, Atlantic salmon (132 ± 25 g) were fed graded levels of PM-m spiked feeds (0, 0.35, 1.5, 5, and 22 mg kg −1 ) in triplicate for 3 months. Adverse effects were assessed on OP target toxic exposure such as plasma choline esterase (ChE), and secondary toxic responses such as lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, as well as general adverse effect parameters (plasma biochemistry, haematology, and growth). Safe limits were set by model-fitting the effect data in a dose-response (lower bound) bench mark dose (BMDL) regression analysis. Fish fed 1.5 mg kg −1 and higher had a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent growth reduction, oxidative stress as seen from reduced glutathione ratio, liver damage as seen from plasma alkaline phosphatase, and reduced sum neutral and TAG liver lipids. Inhibition of ChE was observed in fish fed 5 mg kg −1 and above. Disturbance in phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition and reduced level of liver phosphatidyl choline (PC) occurred at a lower exposure level (0.35 and 1.5 mg kg −1 ), however this was not dose-dependent as at higher exposure levels (5 and 22 mg kg −1 ), no significant differences were observed. A safe feed limit (as BMDL) for dietary PM-m was set at 0.14–0.46 mg kg −1 ww feed (daily dose 0.49–1.62 ng kg BW −1 day −1 ), based on inhibited growth, ChE, glutathione ratio, and sum neutral and TAG liver lipids. When including an estimated uncertainty factor (UF) of five for inter-species variability and extrapolation to chronic exposure, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Berntssen, Marc H.G. Rosenlund, Grethe Garlito, Borja Amlund, Heidi Sissener, Nini H. Bernhard, Annette Sanden, Monica |
author_facet |
Berntssen, Marc H.G. Rosenlund, Grethe Garlito, Borja Amlund, Heidi Sissener, Nini H. Bernhard, Annette Sanden, Monica |
author_sort |
Berntssen, Marc H.G. |
title |
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
title_short |
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
title_full |
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
title_fullStr |
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
title_sort |
sensitivity of atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Berntssen , M H G , Rosenlund , G , Garlito , B , Amlund , H , Sissener , N H , Bernhard , A & Sanden , M 2021 , ' Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to the pesticide pirimiphos-methyl, present in plant-based feeds ' , Aquaculture , vol. 531 , 735825 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 |
op_relation |
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/3a1540ad-72e8-4d97-8038-95f71b00a29b |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735825 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
531 |
container_start_page |
735825 |
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1810432160735166464 |