Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018
The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades 1,2 , and it is expected to continue to be so 3 . Although increases in glacier flow 4,5,6 and surface melting 7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic 10,11,12 and atmospheric 13,14 warming, the magnitude and t...
Published in: | Nature |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/256074422/Mass_balance_of_the_Greenland_Ice_Sheet_from_1992_to_2018.pdf |
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Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit |
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/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action |
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/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben van den Broeke, Michiel Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole Geruo, A. Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott McMillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Mernild, Sebastian Mohajerani, Yara Moore, Philip Mottram, Ruth Mouginot, Jeremie Moyano, Gorka Muir, Alan Nagler, Thomas Nield, Grace Nilsson, Johan Noël, Brice Otosaka, Ines Pattle, Mark E. Peltier, W. Richard Pie, Nadège Rietbroek, Roelof Rott, Helmut Sørensen, Louise Sandberg Sasgen, Ingo Save, Himanshu Scheuchl, Bernd Schrama, Ernst Schröder, Ludwig Seo, Ki-Weon Simonsen, Sebastian B. Slater, Thomas Spada, Giorgio Sutterley, Tyler Talpe, Matthieu Tarasov, Lev Jan van de Berg, Willem van der Wal, Wouter van Wessem, Melchior Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt Wiese, David Wilton, David Wagner, Thomas Wouters, Bert Wuite, Jan Team, The IMBIE Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action |
description |
The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades 1,2 , and it is expected to continue to be so 3 . Although increases in glacier flow 4,5,6 and surface melting 7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic 10,11,12 and atmospheric 13,14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions 15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ 16 . Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario 17 , which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben van den Broeke, Michiel Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole Geruo, A. Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott McMillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Mernild, Sebastian Mohajerani, Yara Moore, Philip Mottram, Ruth Mouginot, Jeremie Moyano, Gorka Muir, Alan Nagler, Thomas Nield, Grace Nilsson, Johan Noël, Brice Otosaka, Ines Pattle, Mark E. Peltier, W. Richard Pie, Nadège Rietbroek, Roelof Rott, Helmut Sørensen, Louise Sandberg Sasgen, Ingo Save, Himanshu Scheuchl, Bernd Schrama, Ernst Schröder, Ludwig Seo, Ki-Weon Simonsen, Sebastian B. Slater, Thomas Spada, Giorgio Sutterley, Tyler Talpe, Matthieu Tarasov, Lev Jan van de Berg, Willem van der Wal, Wouter van Wessem, Melchior Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt Wiese, David Wilton, David Wagner, Thomas Wouters, Bert Wuite, Jan Team, The IMBIE |
author_facet |
Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben van den Broeke, Michiel Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole Geruo, A. Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott McMillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Mernild, Sebastian Mohajerani, Yara Moore, Philip Mottram, Ruth Mouginot, Jeremie Moyano, Gorka Muir, Alan Nagler, Thomas Nield, Grace Nilsson, Johan Noël, Brice Otosaka, Ines Pattle, Mark E. Peltier, W. Richard Pie, Nadège Rietbroek, Roelof Rott, Helmut Sørensen, Louise Sandberg Sasgen, Ingo Save, Himanshu Scheuchl, Bernd Schrama, Ernst Schröder, Ludwig Seo, Ki-Weon Simonsen, Sebastian B. Slater, Thomas Spada, Giorgio Sutterley, Tyler Talpe, Matthieu Tarasov, Lev Jan van de Berg, Willem van der Wal, Wouter van Wessem, Melchior Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt Wiese, David Wilton, David Wagner, Thomas Wouters, Bert Wuite, Jan Team, The IMBIE |
author_sort |
Shepherd, Andrew |
title |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_short |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_fullStr |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_sort |
mass balance of the greenland ice sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/256074422/Mass_balance_of_the_Greenland_Ice_Sheet_from_1992_to_2018.pdf |
genre |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ |
op_source |
Shepherd , A , Ivins , E , Rignot , E , Smith , B , van den Broeke , M , Velicogna , I , Whitehouse , P , Briggs , K , Joughin , I , Krinner , G , Nowicki , S , Payne , T , Scambos , T , Schlegel , N , Geruo , A , Agosta , C , Ahlstrøm , A , Babonis , G , Barletta , V R , Bjørk , A A , Blazquez , A , Bonin , J , Colgan , W , Csatho , B , Cullather , R , Engdahl , M E , Felikson , D , Fettweis , X , Forsberg , R , Hogg , A E , Gallee , H , Gardner , A , Gilbert , L , Gourmelen , N , Groh , A , Gunter , B , Hanna , E , Harig , C , Helm , V , Horvath , A , Horwath , M , Khan , S , Kjeldsen , K K , Konrad , H , Langen , P L , Lecavalier , B , Loomis , B , Luthcke , S , McMillan , M , Melini , D , Mernild , S , Mohajerani , Y , Moore , P , Mottram , R , Mouginot , J , Moyano , G , Muir , A , Nagler , T , Nield , G , Nilsson , J , Noël , B , Otosaka , I , Pattle , M E , Peltier , W R , Pie , N , Rietbroek , R , Rott , H , Sørensen , L S , Sasgen , I , Save , H , Scheuchl , B , Schrama , E , Schröder , L , Seo , K-W , Simonsen , S B , Slater , T , Spada , G , Sutterley , T , Talpe , M , Tarasov , L , Jan van de Berg , W , van der Wal , W , van Wessem , M , Vishwakarma , B D , Wiese , D , Wilton , D , Wagner , T , Wouters , B , Wuite , J & Team , T IMBIE 2020 , ' Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 ' , Nature , vol. 579 , pp. 233-239 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
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https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
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ftdtupubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 2024-09-15T18:07:43+00:00 Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben van den Broeke, Michiel Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole Geruo, A. Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott McMillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Mernild, Sebastian Mohajerani, Yara Moore, Philip Mottram, Ruth Mouginot, Jeremie Moyano, Gorka Muir, Alan Nagler, Thomas Nield, Grace Nilsson, Johan Noël, Brice Otosaka, Ines Pattle, Mark E. Peltier, W. Richard Pie, Nadège Rietbroek, Roelof Rott, Helmut Sørensen, Louise Sandberg Sasgen, Ingo Save, Himanshu Scheuchl, Bernd Schrama, Ernst Schröder, Ludwig Seo, Ki-Weon Simonsen, Sebastian B. Slater, Thomas Spada, Giorgio Sutterley, Tyler Talpe, Matthieu Tarasov, Lev Jan van de Berg, Willem van der Wal, Wouter van Wessem, Melchior Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt Wiese, David Wilton, David Wagner, Thomas Wouters, Bert Wuite, Jan Team, The IMBIE 2020 application/pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/256074422/Mass_balance_of_the_Greenland_Ice_Sheet_from_1992_to_2018.pdf eng eng https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/318b7aaa-a0e8-4942-87fe-8a45e677cec2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Shepherd , A , Ivins , E , Rignot , E , Smith , B , van den Broeke , M , Velicogna , I , Whitehouse , P , Briggs , K , Joughin , I , Krinner , G , Nowicki , S , Payne , T , Scambos , T , Schlegel , N , Geruo , A , Agosta , C , Ahlstrøm , A , Babonis , G , Barletta , V R , Bjørk , A A , Blazquez , A , Bonin , J , Colgan , W , Csatho , B , Cullather , R , Engdahl , M E , Felikson , D , Fettweis , X , Forsberg , R , Hogg , A E , Gallee , H , Gardner , A , Gilbert , L , Gourmelen , N , Groh , A , Gunter , B , Hanna , E , Harig , C , Helm , V , Horvath , A , Horwath , M , Khan , S , Kjeldsen , K K , Konrad , H , Langen , P L , Lecavalier , B , Loomis , B , Luthcke , S , McMillan , M , Melini , D , Mernild , S , Mohajerani , Y , Moore , P , Mottram , R , Mouginot , J , Moyano , G , Muir , A , Nagler , T , Nield , G , Nilsson , J , Noël , B , Otosaka , I , Pattle , M E , Peltier , W R , Pie , N , Rietbroek , R , Rott , H , Sørensen , L S , Sasgen , I , Save , H , Scheuchl , B , Schrama , E , Schröder , L , Seo , K-W , Simonsen , S B , Slater , T , Spada , G , Sutterley , T , Talpe , M , Tarasov , L , Jan van de Berg , W , van der Wal , W , van Wessem , M , Vishwakarma , B D , Wiese , D , Wilton , D , Wagner , T , Wouters , B , Wuite , J & Team , T IMBIE 2020 , ' Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 ' , Nature , vol. 579 , pp. 233-239 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action article 2020 ftdtupubl https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 2024-08-13T00:03:06Z The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades 1,2 , and it is expected to continue to be so 3 . Although increases in glacier flow 4,5,6 and surface melting 7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic 10,11,12 and atmospheric 13,14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions 15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ 16 . Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario 17 , which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit Nature 579 7798 233 239 |