Population genomics of the Viking world
The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history 1,2 . Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the globa...
Published in: | Nature |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/254092565/2019_06_08690C_1.pdf |
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The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history 1,2 . Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Margaryan, Ashot Lawson, Daniel J. Sikora, Martin Racimo, Fernando Rasmussen, Simon Moltke, Ida Cassidy, Lara M. Jørsboe, Emil Ingason, Andrés Pedersen, Mikkel W. Korneliussen, Thorfinn Wilhelmson, Helene Buś, Magdalena M. de Barros Damgaard, Peter Martiniano, Rui Renaud, Gabriel Bhérer, Claude Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor Fotakis, Anna K. Allen, Marie Allmäe, Raili Molak, Martyna Cappellini, Enrico Scorrano, Gabriele McColl, Hugh Buzhilova, Alexandra Fox, Allison Albrechtsen, Anders Schütz, Berit Skar, Birgitte Arcini, Caroline Falys, Ceri Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna Błaszczyk, Dariusz Pezhemsky, Denis Turner-Walker, Gordon Gestsdóttir, Hildur Lundstrøm, Inge Gustin, Ingrid Mainland, Ingrid Potekhina, Inna Muntoni, Italo M. Cheng, Jade Stenderup, Jesper Ma, Jilong Gibson, Julie Peets, Jüri Gustafsson, Jörgen Iversen, Katrine H. Simpson, Linzi Strand, Lisa Loe, Louise Sikora, Maeve Florek, Marek Vretemark, Maria Redknap, Mark Bajka, Monika Pushkina, Tamara Søvsø, Morten Grigoreva, Natalia Christensen, Tom Kastholm, Ole Uldum, Otto Favia, Pasquale Holck, Per Sten, Sabine Arge, Símun V. Ellingvåg, Sturla Moiseyev, Vayacheslav Bogdanowicz, Wiesław Magnusson, Yvonne Orlando, Ludovic Pentz, Peter Jessen, Mads Dengsø Pedersen, Anne Collard, Mark Bradley, Daniel G. Jørkov, Marie Louise Arneborg, Jette Lynnerup, Niels Price, Neil Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Allentoft, Morten E. Bill, Jan Sindbæk, Søren M. Hedeager, Lotte Kristiansen, Kristian Nielsen, Rasmus Werge, Thomas Willerslev, Eske |
spellingShingle |
Margaryan, Ashot Lawson, Daniel J. Sikora, Martin Racimo, Fernando Rasmussen, Simon Moltke, Ida Cassidy, Lara M. Jørsboe, Emil Ingason, Andrés Pedersen, Mikkel W. Korneliussen, Thorfinn Wilhelmson, Helene Buś, Magdalena M. de Barros Damgaard, Peter Martiniano, Rui Renaud, Gabriel Bhérer, Claude Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor Fotakis, Anna K. Allen, Marie Allmäe, Raili Molak, Martyna Cappellini, Enrico Scorrano, Gabriele McColl, Hugh Buzhilova, Alexandra Fox, Allison Albrechtsen, Anders Schütz, Berit Skar, Birgitte Arcini, Caroline Falys, Ceri Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna Błaszczyk, Dariusz Pezhemsky, Denis Turner-Walker, Gordon Gestsdóttir, Hildur Lundstrøm, Inge Gustin, Ingrid Mainland, Ingrid Potekhina, Inna Muntoni, Italo M. Cheng, Jade Stenderup, Jesper Ma, Jilong Gibson, Julie Peets, Jüri Gustafsson, Jörgen Iversen, Katrine H. Simpson, Linzi Strand, Lisa Loe, Louise Sikora, Maeve Florek, Marek Vretemark, Maria Redknap, Mark Bajka, Monika Pushkina, Tamara Søvsø, Morten Grigoreva, Natalia Christensen, Tom Kastholm, Ole Uldum, Otto Favia, Pasquale Holck, Per Sten, Sabine Arge, Símun V. Ellingvåg, Sturla Moiseyev, Vayacheslav Bogdanowicz, Wiesław Magnusson, Yvonne Orlando, Ludovic Pentz, Peter Jessen, Mads Dengsø Pedersen, Anne Collard, Mark Bradley, Daniel G. Jørkov, Marie Louise Arneborg, Jette Lynnerup, Niels Price, Neil Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Allentoft, Morten E. Bill, Jan Sindbæk, Søren M. Hedeager, Lotte Kristiansen, Kristian Nielsen, Rasmus Werge, Thomas Willerslev, Eske Population genomics of the Viking world |
author_facet |
Margaryan, Ashot Lawson, Daniel J. Sikora, Martin Racimo, Fernando Rasmussen, Simon Moltke, Ida Cassidy, Lara M. Jørsboe, Emil Ingason, Andrés Pedersen, Mikkel W. Korneliussen, Thorfinn Wilhelmson, Helene Buś, Magdalena M. de Barros Damgaard, Peter Martiniano, Rui Renaud, Gabriel Bhérer, Claude Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor Fotakis, Anna K. Allen, Marie Allmäe, Raili Molak, Martyna Cappellini, Enrico Scorrano, Gabriele McColl, Hugh Buzhilova, Alexandra Fox, Allison Albrechtsen, Anders Schütz, Berit Skar, Birgitte Arcini, Caroline Falys, Ceri Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna Błaszczyk, Dariusz Pezhemsky, Denis Turner-Walker, Gordon Gestsdóttir, Hildur Lundstrøm, Inge Gustin, Ingrid Mainland, Ingrid Potekhina, Inna Muntoni, Italo M. Cheng, Jade Stenderup, Jesper Ma, Jilong Gibson, Julie Peets, Jüri Gustafsson, Jörgen Iversen, Katrine H. Simpson, Linzi Strand, Lisa Loe, Louise Sikora, Maeve Florek, Marek Vretemark, Maria Redknap, Mark Bajka, Monika Pushkina, Tamara Søvsø, Morten Grigoreva, Natalia Christensen, Tom Kastholm, Ole Uldum, Otto Favia, Pasquale Holck, Per Sten, Sabine Arge, Símun V. Ellingvåg, Sturla Moiseyev, Vayacheslav Bogdanowicz, Wiesław Magnusson, Yvonne Orlando, Ludovic Pentz, Peter Jessen, Mads Dengsø Pedersen, Anne Collard, Mark Bradley, Daniel G. Jørkov, Marie Louise Arneborg, Jette Lynnerup, Niels Price, Neil Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Allentoft, Morten E. Bill, Jan Sindbæk, Søren M. Hedeager, Lotte Kristiansen, Kristian Nielsen, Rasmus Werge, Thomas Willerslev, Eske |
author_sort |
Margaryan, Ashot |
title |
Population genomics of the Viking world |
title_short |
Population genomics of the Viking world |
title_full |
Population genomics of the Viking world |
title_fullStr |
Population genomics of the Viking world |
title_full_unstemmed |
Population genomics of the Viking world |
title_sort |
population genomics of the viking world |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/254092565/2019_06_08690C_1.pdf |
genre |
Greenland Iceland |
genre_facet |
Greenland Iceland |
op_source |
Margaryan , A , Lawson , D J , Sikora , M , Racimo , F , Rasmussen , S , Moltke , I , Cassidy , L M , Jørsboe , E , Ingason , A , Pedersen , M W , Korneliussen , T , Wilhelmson , H , Buś , M M , de Barros Damgaard , P , Martiniano , R , Renaud , G , Bhérer , C , Moreno-Mayar , J V , Fotakis , A K , Allen , M , Allmäe , R , Molak , M , Cappellini , E , Scorrano , G , McColl , H , Buzhilova , A , Fox , A , Albrechtsen , A , Schütz , B , Skar , B , Arcini , C , Falys , C , Jonson , C H , Błaszczyk , D , Pezhemsky , D , Turner-Walker , G , Gestsdóttir , H , Lundstrøm , I , Gustin , I , Mainland , I , Potekhina , I , Muntoni , I M , Cheng , J , Stenderup , J , Ma , J , Gibson , J , Peets , J , Gustafsson , J , Iversen , K H , Simpson , L , Strand , L , Loe , L , Sikora , M , Florek , M , Vretemark , M , Redknap , M , Bajka , M , Pushkina , T , Søvsø , M , Grigoreva , N , Christensen , T , Kastholm , O , Uldum , O , Favia , P , Holck , P , Sten , S , Arge , S V , Ellingvåg , S , Moiseyev , V , Bogdanowicz , W , Magnusson , Y , Orlando , L , Pentz , P , Jessen , M D , Pedersen , A , Collard , M , Bradley , D G , Jørkov , M L , Arneborg , J , Lynnerup , N , Price , N , Gilbert , M T P , Allentoft , M E , Bill , J , Sindbæk , S M , Hedeager , L , Kristiansen , K , Nielsen , R , Werge , T & Willerslev , E 2020 , ' Population genomics of the Viking world ' , Nature , vol. 585 , no. 7825 , pp. 390-396 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 |
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https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 |
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Nature |
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ftdtupubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 2024-09-15T18:09:27+00:00 Population genomics of the Viking world Margaryan, Ashot Lawson, Daniel J. Sikora, Martin Racimo, Fernando Rasmussen, Simon Moltke, Ida Cassidy, Lara M. Jørsboe, Emil Ingason, Andrés Pedersen, Mikkel W. Korneliussen, Thorfinn Wilhelmson, Helene Buś, Magdalena M. de Barros Damgaard, Peter Martiniano, Rui Renaud, Gabriel Bhérer, Claude Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor Fotakis, Anna K. Allen, Marie Allmäe, Raili Molak, Martyna Cappellini, Enrico Scorrano, Gabriele McColl, Hugh Buzhilova, Alexandra Fox, Allison Albrechtsen, Anders Schütz, Berit Skar, Birgitte Arcini, Caroline Falys, Ceri Jonson, Charlotte Hedenstierna Błaszczyk, Dariusz Pezhemsky, Denis Turner-Walker, Gordon Gestsdóttir, Hildur Lundstrøm, Inge Gustin, Ingrid Mainland, Ingrid Potekhina, Inna Muntoni, Italo M. Cheng, Jade Stenderup, Jesper Ma, Jilong Gibson, Julie Peets, Jüri Gustafsson, Jörgen Iversen, Katrine H. Simpson, Linzi Strand, Lisa Loe, Louise Sikora, Maeve Florek, Marek Vretemark, Maria Redknap, Mark Bajka, Monika Pushkina, Tamara Søvsø, Morten Grigoreva, Natalia Christensen, Tom Kastholm, Ole Uldum, Otto Favia, Pasquale Holck, Per Sten, Sabine Arge, Símun V. Ellingvåg, Sturla Moiseyev, Vayacheslav Bogdanowicz, Wiesław Magnusson, Yvonne Orlando, Ludovic Pentz, Peter Jessen, Mads Dengsø Pedersen, Anne Collard, Mark Bradley, Daniel G. Jørkov, Marie Louise Arneborg, Jette Lynnerup, Niels Price, Neil Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Allentoft, Morten E. Bill, Jan Sindbæk, Søren M. Hedeager, Lotte Kristiansen, Kristian Nielsen, Rasmus Werge, Thomas Willerslev, Eske 2020 application/pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/254092565/2019_06_08690C_1.pdf eng eng https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0ae314d8-3cae-4be5-aa11-60a43e069920 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Margaryan , A , Lawson , D J , Sikora , M , Racimo , F , Rasmussen , S , Moltke , I , Cassidy , L M , Jørsboe , E , Ingason , A , Pedersen , M W , Korneliussen , T , Wilhelmson , H , Buś , M M , de Barros Damgaard , P , Martiniano , R , Renaud , G , Bhérer , C , Moreno-Mayar , J V , Fotakis , A K , Allen , M , Allmäe , R , Molak , M , Cappellini , E , Scorrano , G , McColl , H , Buzhilova , A , Fox , A , Albrechtsen , A , Schütz , B , Skar , B , Arcini , C , Falys , C , Jonson , C H , Błaszczyk , D , Pezhemsky , D , Turner-Walker , G , Gestsdóttir , H , Lundstrøm , I , Gustin , I , Mainland , I , Potekhina , I , Muntoni , I M , Cheng , J , Stenderup , J , Ma , J , Gibson , J , Peets , J , Gustafsson , J , Iversen , K H , Simpson , L , Strand , L , Loe , L , Sikora , M , Florek , M , Vretemark , M , Redknap , M , Bajka , M , Pushkina , T , Søvsø , M , Grigoreva , N , Christensen , T , Kastholm , O , Uldum , O , Favia , P , Holck , P , Sten , S , Arge , S V , Ellingvåg , S , Moiseyev , V , Bogdanowicz , W , Magnusson , Y , Orlando , L , Pentz , P , Jessen , M D , Pedersen , A , Collard , M , Bradley , D G , Jørkov , M L , Arneborg , J , Lynnerup , N , Price , N , Gilbert , M T P , Allentoft , M E , Bill , J , Sindbæk , S M , Hedeager , L , Kristiansen , K , Nielsen , R , Werge , T & Willerslev , E 2020 , ' Population genomics of the Viking world ' , Nature , vol. 585 , no. 7825 , pp. 390-396 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 article 2020 ftdtupubl https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 2024-08-13T00:03:06Z The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history 1,2 . Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Technical University of Denmark: DTU Orbit Nature 585 7825 390 396 |