The Impact of Global Warming on the Antarctic Mass Balance and Global Sea Level

• Main Authors: Budd, W. F., Simmonds, Ian
• Other Authors: MELBOURNE UNIV PARKVILLE (AUSTRALIA)
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1992
• Subjects: Geography; Meteorology; Snow; Ice and Permafrost; *BALANCE; *ICE; *IMPACT; *MASS; *SEA LEVEL; *SHEETS; *ANTARCTIC REGIONS; ABLATION; ACCUMULATION; ATMOSPHERES; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; COASTAL REGIONS; EVAPORATION; FLOW; FLOW RATE; GLOBAL; MELTS; MODELS; NETS; NUMBERS; OCEANS; PRECIPITATION; RATES; REGIONS; SIMULATION; SURFACES; TIME; SYMPOSIA; Component Reports; *Global warming; Greenhouse gases.; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Fairbanks; Antarc*; Ice; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelves; permafrost; Alaska
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP007330; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADP007330

The onset of global warming from increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can have a number of important different impacts on the Antarctic ice sheet. These include increasing basal melt of ice shelves, faster flow of the grounded ice, increased surface ablation in coastal regions, and increased precipitation over the interior. An analysis of these separate terms by ice sheet modeling indicates that the impact of increasing ice sheet flow rates on sea level does not become a dominant factor until 100--200 years after the realization of the warming. For the time period of the next 100 years the most important impact on sea level from the Antarctic mass balance can be expected to result from increasing precipitation minus evaporation balance over the grounded ice. The present Antarctic net accumulation and coastal ice flux each amount to about 2000 km3 yr-1, both of which on their own would equate to approximately 6 mm yr-1 of sea level change. The present rate of sea level rise of about 1.2 mm yr-1 is therefore equivalent to about 20% imbalance in the Antarctic mass fluxes. The magnitude of the changes to the Antarctic precipitation and evaporation have been studied by a series of General Circulation Model experiments, using a model which gives a reasonable simulation of the present Antarctic climate, including precipitation and evaporation. This article is from 'Proceedings of the International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change Held in Fairbanks, Alaska on 11-15 June 990. Volume 2', AD-A253 028, p489-494. See also Volume 1, AD-A253 027.