Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987
The Scanning Multichannel microwave Radiometer (SMMR) which operated onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite from October 1978 to August 1987 obtained sequential synoptic observations of the entire Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers every 2 days through the clouds during night and day. It is a unique almost...
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ftdtic:ADP007264 2023-05-15T13:38:48+02:00 Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 Gloersen, Per Campbell, William J. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIG HT CENTER 1992-03 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP007264 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADP007264 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP007264 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DTIC AND NTIS Snow Ice and Permafrost Cartography and Aerial Photography Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *ICE MECHANICS *OPEN WATER *SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY CLOUDS CYCLES DRIFT GLOBAL HARMONICS MICROWAVES OCEANS POWER SPECTRA RESIDUALS SCALE SCANNING SEA ICE VARIATIONS WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT GREENHOUSE EFFECT *Global climate change Component Reports SMMR(Scanning Multichannel Microwave Raiometer) Text 1992 ftdtic 2016-02-19T17:39:08Z The Scanning Multichannel microwave Radiometer (SMMR) which operated onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite from October 1978 to August 1987 obtained sequential synoptic observations of the entire Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers every 2 days through the clouds during night and day. It is a unique almost decade-long data set of the large-scale behavior of sea ice on earth. Ibis paper presents the results of an analysis of SMMR observations of the Arctic, Antarctic, and global sea ice area, extent, and open water within the ice pack. These data are corrected for instrumental drift and errors due to variations in the ecliptic angle. Also presented is an analysis based on a combination of Fourier and ordinary least-squares regression techniques which yields their interannual variations and trends. In the power spectra of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice areas and extents, the largest peaks are the dominant annual cycles, the second and third harmonics which are distinct, and the fourth and fifth which are identifiable. In order to remove the seasonal cycle, the first five harmonics are subtracted from the area and extent data, obtaining the residuals from which the trends are determined. During this 9-year period, the Arctic ice cover has negative trends of 1.9 +/- 1.3% for the extent and 1.6 +/- 1.6% for the area, with confidence levels of 95% as defined by the two-sigma criterion. This article is from 'Proceedings of the International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change Held in Fairbanks, Alaska on 11-15 June 1990. Volume 1', AD-A253 027, p28-34. See also Volume 2, AD-A253 028. Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change Ice ice pack permafrost Sea ice Alaska Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Antarctic Arctic Fairbanks |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Snow Ice and Permafrost Cartography and Aerial Photography Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *ICE MECHANICS *OPEN WATER *SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY CLOUDS CYCLES DRIFT GLOBAL HARMONICS MICROWAVES OCEANS POWER SPECTRA RESIDUALS SCALE SCANNING SEA ICE VARIATIONS WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT GREENHOUSE EFFECT *Global climate change Component Reports SMMR(Scanning Multichannel Microwave Raiometer) |
spellingShingle |
Snow Ice and Permafrost Cartography and Aerial Photography Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *ICE MECHANICS *OPEN WATER *SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY CLOUDS CYCLES DRIFT GLOBAL HARMONICS MICROWAVES OCEANS POWER SPECTRA RESIDUALS SCALE SCANNING SEA ICE VARIATIONS WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT GREENHOUSE EFFECT *Global climate change Component Reports SMMR(Scanning Multichannel Microwave Raiometer) Gloersen, Per Campbell, William J. Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
topic_facet |
Snow Ice and Permafrost Cartography and Aerial Photography Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *ICE MECHANICS *OPEN WATER *SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY CLOUDS CYCLES DRIFT GLOBAL HARMONICS MICROWAVES OCEANS POWER SPECTRA RESIDUALS SCALE SCANNING SEA ICE VARIATIONS WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT GREENHOUSE EFFECT *Global climate change Component Reports SMMR(Scanning Multichannel Microwave Raiometer) |
description |
The Scanning Multichannel microwave Radiometer (SMMR) which operated onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite from October 1978 to August 1987 obtained sequential synoptic observations of the entire Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers every 2 days through the clouds during night and day. It is a unique almost decade-long data set of the large-scale behavior of sea ice on earth. Ibis paper presents the results of an analysis of SMMR observations of the Arctic, Antarctic, and global sea ice area, extent, and open water within the ice pack. These data are corrected for instrumental drift and errors due to variations in the ecliptic angle. Also presented is an analysis based on a combination of Fourier and ordinary least-squares regression techniques which yields their interannual variations and trends. In the power spectra of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice areas and extents, the largest peaks are the dominant annual cycles, the second and third harmonics which are distinct, and the fourth and fifth which are identifiable. In order to remove the seasonal cycle, the first five harmonics are subtracted from the area and extent data, obtaining the residuals from which the trends are determined. During this 9-year period, the Arctic ice cover has negative trends of 1.9 +/- 1.3% for the extent and 1.6 +/- 1.6% for the area, with confidence levels of 95% as defined by the two-sigma criterion. This article is from 'Proceedings of the International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change Held in Fairbanks, Alaska on 11-15 June 1990. Volume 1', AD-A253 027, p28-34. See also Volume 2, AD-A253 028. |
author2 |
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIG HT CENTER |
format |
Text |
author |
Gloersen, Per Campbell, William J. |
author_facet |
Gloersen, Per Campbell, William J. |
author_sort |
Gloersen, Per |
title |
Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
title_short |
Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
title_full |
Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
title_fullStr |
Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variations of Extent, Area, and Open Water of the Polar Sea Ice Covers: 1978-1987 |
title_sort |
variations of extent, area, and open water of the polar sea ice covers: 1978-1987 |
publishDate |
1992 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP007264 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADP007264 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Fairbanks |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Fairbanks |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change Ice ice pack permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Climate change Ice ice pack permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
op_source |
DTIC AND NTIS |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP007264 |
op_rights |
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE |
_version_ |
1766111228011216896 |