Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice Using Nimbus-7 SMMR Data over Finland

• Main Author: Hallikainen,M. T.
• Other Authors: HELSINKI UNIV OF TECHNOLOGY ESPOO (FINLAND) RADIO LAB
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1982
• Subjects: *Remote systems; *Mapping; *Snow cover; Snow; Ice; Data acquisition; Finland; Dielectrics; Data processing; Scientific satellites; Remote detectors; Component reports; Remote sensing; Argentina; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADP002056; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADP002056

Nimbus-7 SMMR data at 18 GHz and 37 GHz are applied to studies of snow-covered sea ice and snow-covered terrain in Finland. First the dielectric properties of sea ice, snow, and frozen soils are reviewed. Brightness temperatures are calculated using the radiative transfer model. The theoretical results show that snow-covered sea ice and snow-covered terrain are practically identical systems. The only major difference is the presence of vegetation in the case of terrain. Using horizontally polarized satellite data in five test areas of mixed surface types in Finland, slopes of the change of TB(18 GHz) - TB(37 GHz) vs. water equivalent of dry snow are derived for pure surface types of forests, boglands farm lands and lakes. A new algorithm to mapping the water equivalent of dry snow is suggested. The theoretical model is used to interpret the satellite data on snow-covered sea ice. This article is from 'Papers Selected for Presentation at the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (16th) Held at Buenos Aires, Argentina on 2-9 June 1982. Volume 2,' AD-A134 720. p821-830.