Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere
Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by lidar show that the clouds often contain solid particles, which are most likely composed of nitric acid hydrates. However, laboratory experiments indicate that such hydrate particles are not easily formed under Arctic synoptic scale conditions, su...
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ftdtic:ADA530304 2023-05-15T14:48:18+02:00 Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere Carslaw, Kenneth S. Peter, Thomas Bacmeister, Julio T. Eckermann, Stephen D. NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC 1999-01-20 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA530304 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA530304 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA530304 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DTIC Atmospheric Physics Inorganic Chemistry *PARTICLES *ARCTIC REGIONS *STRATOSPHERE MODELS NITRIC ACID SULFURIC ACID TEMPERATURE CLOUDS REPRINTS HYDRATES PSC(POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS) SOLID PARTICLES MOUNTAIN INDUCED MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE PERTURBATIONS VORTEX FILLING TRAJECTORIES MOUNTAIN WAVES ADIABATIC COOLING NCEP(NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION) SYNOPTIC TEMPERATURES NAT(NITRIC ACID TRIHYDRATE) SAT(SULFURIC ACID TETRAHYDRATE) Text 1999 ftdtic 2016-02-23T03:49:42Z Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by lidar show that the clouds often contain solid particles, which are most likely composed of nitric acid hydrates. However, laboratory experiments indicate that such hydrate particles are not easily formed under Arctic synoptic scale conditions, suggesting that solid PSC particles should be rather rare. Here we show results from a model study indicating that mountain-induced mesoscale temperature perturbations may be an important source of nitric acid hydrate particles in the Arctic. Multiple Arctic vortex trajectories were combined with a global mountain wave forecast model to calculate the potential for solid particle formation during December and January 1994/1995. The mountain wave model was used to calculate adiabatic cooling over several thousand ridge elements. Nitric acid hydrate particles were assumed to form in the mountain waves according to several microphysical mechanisms, and were then advected using polar vortex-filling synoptic trajectories to generate maps of solid particle occurrence. The calculations show that mountain waves may be a significant source of PSCs containing solid particles that are observed on the synoptic scale. In particular, the east coast of Greenland, the Norwegian mountains, and the Urals are found to be solid particle sources, with the PSCs often predicted to survive several thousand kilometers downstream. Published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, v104 nD1 p1827-1836, 20 Jan 1999. Text Arctic Greenland Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Arctic Greenland |
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Open Polar |
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Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric Physics Inorganic Chemistry *PARTICLES *ARCTIC REGIONS *STRATOSPHERE MODELS NITRIC ACID SULFURIC ACID TEMPERATURE CLOUDS REPRINTS HYDRATES PSC(POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS) SOLID PARTICLES MOUNTAIN INDUCED MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE PERTURBATIONS VORTEX FILLING TRAJECTORIES MOUNTAIN WAVES ADIABATIC COOLING NCEP(NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION) SYNOPTIC TEMPERATURES NAT(NITRIC ACID TRIHYDRATE) SAT(SULFURIC ACID TETRAHYDRATE) |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric Physics Inorganic Chemistry *PARTICLES *ARCTIC REGIONS *STRATOSPHERE MODELS NITRIC ACID SULFURIC ACID TEMPERATURE CLOUDS REPRINTS HYDRATES PSC(POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS) SOLID PARTICLES MOUNTAIN INDUCED MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE PERTURBATIONS VORTEX FILLING TRAJECTORIES MOUNTAIN WAVES ADIABATIC COOLING NCEP(NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION) SYNOPTIC TEMPERATURES NAT(NITRIC ACID TRIHYDRATE) SAT(SULFURIC ACID TETRAHYDRATE) Carslaw, Kenneth S. Peter, Thomas Bacmeister, Julio T. Eckermann, Stephen D. Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric Physics Inorganic Chemistry *PARTICLES *ARCTIC REGIONS *STRATOSPHERE MODELS NITRIC ACID SULFURIC ACID TEMPERATURE CLOUDS REPRINTS HYDRATES PSC(POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS) SOLID PARTICLES MOUNTAIN INDUCED MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE PERTURBATIONS VORTEX FILLING TRAJECTORIES MOUNTAIN WAVES ADIABATIC COOLING NCEP(NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION) SYNOPTIC TEMPERATURES NAT(NITRIC ACID TRIHYDRATE) SAT(SULFURIC ACID TETRAHYDRATE) |
description |
Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by lidar show that the clouds often contain solid particles, which are most likely composed of nitric acid hydrates. However, laboratory experiments indicate that such hydrate particles are not easily formed under Arctic synoptic scale conditions, suggesting that solid PSC particles should be rather rare. Here we show results from a model study indicating that mountain-induced mesoscale temperature perturbations may be an important source of nitric acid hydrate particles in the Arctic. Multiple Arctic vortex trajectories were combined with a global mountain wave forecast model to calculate the potential for solid particle formation during December and January 1994/1995. The mountain wave model was used to calculate adiabatic cooling over several thousand ridge elements. Nitric acid hydrate particles were assumed to form in the mountain waves according to several microphysical mechanisms, and were then advected using polar vortex-filling synoptic trajectories to generate maps of solid particle occurrence. The calculations show that mountain waves may be a significant source of PSCs containing solid particles that are observed on the synoptic scale. In particular, the east coast of Greenland, the Norwegian mountains, and the Urals are found to be solid particle sources, with the PSCs often predicted to survive several thousand kilometers downstream. Published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, v104 nD1 p1827-1836, 20 Jan 1999. |
author2 |
NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC |
format |
Text |
author |
Carslaw, Kenneth S. Peter, Thomas Bacmeister, Julio T. Eckermann, Stephen D. |
author_facet |
Carslaw, Kenneth S. Peter, Thomas Bacmeister, Julio T. Eckermann, Stephen D. |
author_sort |
Carslaw, Kenneth S. |
title |
Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
title_short |
Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
title_full |
Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
title_fullStr |
Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Widespread Solid Particle Formation by Mountain Waves in the Arctic Stratosphere |
title_sort |
widespread solid particle formation by mountain waves in the arctic stratosphere |
publishDate |
1999 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA530304 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA530304 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Greenland |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
op_source |
DTIC |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA530304 |
op_rights |
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
_version_ |
1766319387153793024 |