Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts
The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, "stepping-stones" for...
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ftdtic:ADA491953 2023-05-15T17:28:25+02:00 Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts Cho, Walter W. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA 2008-09 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA491953 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA491953 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA491953 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DTIC Biology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology *MITOCHONDRIA *FISHERIES *HABITATS *SEAMOUNTS GENETICS OCEAN BASINS DEEP OCEANS ABIOTIC PROCESSES NEW ENGLAND REPRODUCTION(PHYSIOLOGY) BIOGEOGRAPHY CORAL EVOLUTION(BIOLOGY) ECHINODERMATA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN INVERTEBRATES GEOGRAPHIC AREAS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS CONSERVATION *FAUNAL BIOGEOGRAPHY A. CLAVIGERA OPHIUROIDEA CHELYS REFUGIA BIODIVERSITY CORNER RISE SEAMOUNTS MUIR SEAMOUNTS PORIFERA CNIDARIA ASTEROSCHEMA CLAVIGERA OPHIOCREAS OEDIPUS OPHIOPLINTHACA ABYSSALIS OPHIOPLINTHACA CHELYS GENETIC CONNECTIVITY NORTH ATLANTIC SEAMOUNTS NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS Text 2008 ftdtic 2016-02-22T17:58:01Z The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, "stepping-stones" for dispersal, and/or refugia for deep-sea populations. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of seamounts in structuring marine biodiversity and biogeography. This study focused on North Atlantic seamounts, specifically the New England seamount chain, the Corner Rise Seamounts and Muir seamount, areas damaged and threatened by deep-sea fisheries and currently a focus of conservation efforts. Videographic analyses of biological community structure revealed distinct faunal assemblages, dominated by the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata and structured by geographic region, depth regions (with apparent taxonomic breaks at 1300 m, 2300 m, and 2600 m), and substrate type (including natural/anthropogenic and abiotic substrates and biotic substrates). Amongst these assemblages, seven highly specific coral host- invertebrate associate relationships were identified. To investigate whether or not these broad community patterns were discernible at a genetic level, the 16S mtDNA gene was utilized as a genetic "barcode" within the Class Ophiuroidea, through which 22 putative species were identified, including four target species (Asteroschema clavigera, Ophiocreas oedipus, Ophioplinthaca abyssalis, and Ophioplinthaca chelys) for subsequent population genetic studies. Analyses of mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences revealed evidence for recent population expansion and estimates of recent high gene flow across all four species throughout the North Atlantic seamount region. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Text North Atlantic Stepping Stones Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Stepping Stones ENVELOPE(-63.992,-63.992,-64.786,-64.786) |
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Open Polar |
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Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
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language |
English |
topic |
Biology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology *MITOCHONDRIA *FISHERIES *HABITATS *SEAMOUNTS GENETICS OCEAN BASINS DEEP OCEANS ABIOTIC PROCESSES NEW ENGLAND REPRODUCTION(PHYSIOLOGY) BIOGEOGRAPHY CORAL EVOLUTION(BIOLOGY) ECHINODERMATA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN INVERTEBRATES GEOGRAPHIC AREAS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS CONSERVATION *FAUNAL BIOGEOGRAPHY A. CLAVIGERA OPHIUROIDEA CHELYS REFUGIA BIODIVERSITY CORNER RISE SEAMOUNTS MUIR SEAMOUNTS PORIFERA CNIDARIA ASTEROSCHEMA CLAVIGERA OPHIOCREAS OEDIPUS OPHIOPLINTHACA ABYSSALIS OPHIOPLINTHACA CHELYS GENETIC CONNECTIVITY NORTH ATLANTIC SEAMOUNTS NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS |
spellingShingle |
Biology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology *MITOCHONDRIA *FISHERIES *HABITATS *SEAMOUNTS GENETICS OCEAN BASINS DEEP OCEANS ABIOTIC PROCESSES NEW ENGLAND REPRODUCTION(PHYSIOLOGY) BIOGEOGRAPHY CORAL EVOLUTION(BIOLOGY) ECHINODERMATA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN INVERTEBRATES GEOGRAPHIC AREAS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS CONSERVATION *FAUNAL BIOGEOGRAPHY A. CLAVIGERA OPHIUROIDEA CHELYS REFUGIA BIODIVERSITY CORNER RISE SEAMOUNTS MUIR SEAMOUNTS PORIFERA CNIDARIA ASTEROSCHEMA CLAVIGERA OPHIOCREAS OEDIPUS OPHIOPLINTHACA ABYSSALIS OPHIOPLINTHACA CHELYS GENETIC CONNECTIVITY NORTH ATLANTIC SEAMOUNTS NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS Cho, Walter W. Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
topic_facet |
Biology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology *MITOCHONDRIA *FISHERIES *HABITATS *SEAMOUNTS GENETICS OCEAN BASINS DEEP OCEANS ABIOTIC PROCESSES NEW ENGLAND REPRODUCTION(PHYSIOLOGY) BIOGEOGRAPHY CORAL EVOLUTION(BIOLOGY) ECHINODERMATA NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN INVERTEBRATES GEOGRAPHIC AREAS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS CONSERVATION *FAUNAL BIOGEOGRAPHY A. CLAVIGERA OPHIUROIDEA CHELYS REFUGIA BIODIVERSITY CORNER RISE SEAMOUNTS MUIR SEAMOUNTS PORIFERA CNIDARIA ASTEROSCHEMA CLAVIGERA OPHIOCREAS OEDIPUS OPHIOPLINTHACA ABYSSALIS OPHIOPLINTHACA CHELYS GENETIC CONNECTIVITY NORTH ATLANTIC SEAMOUNTS NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS |
description |
The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, "stepping-stones" for dispersal, and/or refugia for deep-sea populations. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of seamounts in structuring marine biodiversity and biogeography. This study focused on North Atlantic seamounts, specifically the New England seamount chain, the Corner Rise Seamounts and Muir seamount, areas damaged and threatened by deep-sea fisheries and currently a focus of conservation efforts. Videographic analyses of biological community structure revealed distinct faunal assemblages, dominated by the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata and structured by geographic region, depth regions (with apparent taxonomic breaks at 1300 m, 2300 m, and 2600 m), and substrate type (including natural/anthropogenic and abiotic substrates and biotic substrates). Amongst these assemblages, seven highly specific coral host- invertebrate associate relationships were identified. To investigate whether or not these broad community patterns were discernible at a genetic level, the 16S mtDNA gene was utilized as a genetic "barcode" within the Class Ophiuroidea, through which 22 putative species were identified, including four target species (Asteroschema clavigera, Ophiocreas oedipus, Ophioplinthaca abyssalis, and Ophioplinthaca chelys) for subsequent population genetic studies. Analyses of mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences revealed evidence for recent population expansion and estimates of recent high gene flow across all four species throughout the North Atlantic seamount region. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. |
author2 |
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA |
format |
Text |
author |
Cho, Walter W. |
author_facet |
Cho, Walter W. |
author_sort |
Cho, Walter W. |
title |
Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
title_short |
Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
title_full |
Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
title_fullStr |
Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Faunal Biogeography Community Structure and Genetic Connectivity of North Atlantic Seamounts |
title_sort |
faunal biogeography community structure and genetic connectivity of north atlantic seamounts |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA491953 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA491953 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.992,-63.992,-64.786,-64.786) |
geographic |
Stepping Stones |
geographic_facet |
Stepping Stones |
genre |
North Atlantic Stepping Stones |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Stepping Stones |
op_source |
DTIC |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA491953 |
op_rights |
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
_version_ |
1766121086643077120 |