Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds
This study examines the phase relationship (liquid versus ice) in Arctic clouds Although it is recognized that clouds are fundamental components of the surface energy balance, the nature of Arctic cloud phase is poorly understood and may have important implications for feedbacks associated with the...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2008
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA479968 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA479968 |
id |
ftdtic:ADA479968 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdtic:ADA479968 2023-05-15T14:33:29+02:00 Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds Kripchak, Kristopher J. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA 2008-03 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA479968 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA479968 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA479968 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DTIC Meteorology Geography Thermodynamics *CLOUDS *METEOROLOGICAL DATA *ARCTIC OCEAN *SURFACE ENERGY GROUND LEVEL BALANCE BUDGETS HEIGHT ARCTIC REGIONS SEA ICE HEAT WIND VELOCITY ICE TEMPERATURE SHEBA POLAR METEOROLOGY MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ARCTIC SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION Text 2008 ftdtic 2016-02-22T14:45:17Z This study examines the phase relationship (liquid versus ice) in Arctic clouds Although it is recognized that clouds are fundamental components of the surface energy balance, the nature of Arctic cloud phase is poorly understood and may have important implications for feedbacks associated with the rapid disappearance of sea ice. This study uses the annual cycle of cloud, radiation, and meteorological measurements made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean field program to derive empirical relationships for cloud liquid fraction as a function of observed variables. Relative to each other, single-layer liquid, ice, and mixed-phase clouds occurred 17.6%, 39.4%, and 42.9% of the time, respectively. The dominant role that mixed-phase clouds play in the surface energy balance of the Arctic was confirmed, emphasizing the need for their correct parameterization in models at all scales. A linear fit of liquid fraction to cloud base temperature between -36C and +2C predicts 35% of the fraction variance. Including the observed variables of cloud base height and surface wind speed as predictors predicts another 10%. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Meteorology Geography Thermodynamics *CLOUDS *METEOROLOGICAL DATA *ARCTIC OCEAN *SURFACE ENERGY GROUND LEVEL BALANCE BUDGETS HEIGHT ARCTIC REGIONS SEA ICE HEAT WIND VELOCITY ICE TEMPERATURE SHEBA POLAR METEOROLOGY MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ARCTIC SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology Geography Thermodynamics *CLOUDS *METEOROLOGICAL DATA *ARCTIC OCEAN *SURFACE ENERGY GROUND LEVEL BALANCE BUDGETS HEIGHT ARCTIC REGIONS SEA ICE HEAT WIND VELOCITY ICE TEMPERATURE SHEBA POLAR METEOROLOGY MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ARCTIC SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION Kripchak, Kristopher J. Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
topic_facet |
Meteorology Geography Thermodynamics *CLOUDS *METEOROLOGICAL DATA *ARCTIC OCEAN *SURFACE ENERGY GROUND LEVEL BALANCE BUDGETS HEIGHT ARCTIC REGIONS SEA ICE HEAT WIND VELOCITY ICE TEMPERATURE SHEBA POLAR METEOROLOGY MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ARCTIC SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION |
description |
This study examines the phase relationship (liquid versus ice) in Arctic clouds Although it is recognized that clouds are fundamental components of the surface energy balance, the nature of Arctic cloud phase is poorly understood and may have important implications for feedbacks associated with the rapid disappearance of sea ice. This study uses the annual cycle of cloud, radiation, and meteorological measurements made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean field program to derive empirical relationships for cloud liquid fraction as a function of observed variables. Relative to each other, single-layer liquid, ice, and mixed-phase clouds occurred 17.6%, 39.4%, and 42.9% of the time, respectively. The dominant role that mixed-phase clouds play in the surface energy balance of the Arctic was confirmed, emphasizing the need for their correct parameterization in models at all scales. A linear fit of liquid fraction to cloud base temperature between -36C and +2C predicts 35% of the fraction variance. Including the observed variables of cloud base height and surface wind speed as predictors predicts another 10%. |
author2 |
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA |
format |
Text |
author |
Kripchak, Kristopher J. |
author_facet |
Kripchak, Kristopher J. |
author_sort |
Kripchak, Kristopher J. |
title |
Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
title_short |
Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
title_full |
Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
title_fullStr |
Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
title_sort |
cloud phase and the surface energy balance of the arctic; an investigation of mixed-phase clouds |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA479968 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA479968 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
DTIC |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA479968 |
op_rights |
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
_version_ |
1766306721654898688 |