An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling
This report presents the findings from a meteorological analysis of the NOAA WP-3D N42RF engine compressor stalls of February 9, 2007, which nearly led to the loss of the aircraft. Preliminary engineering and meteorological analysis performed by the NOAA pointed to sea salt fouling when the aircraft...
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ftdtic:ADA473677 2023-05-15T17:23:05+02:00 An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling Reid, Jeffrey S. Eleuterio, Daniel P. Cook, B. J. Walker, Annette L. Richardson, Kim A. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Damiano, A. B. McNamara, Richard J. Mayeaux, Martin NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV 2007-10-25 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473677 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA473677 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473677 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DTIC Military Aircraft Operations Research and Experimental Aircraft Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *AIRCRAFT ENGINES *BOUNDARY LAYER *MARINE ATMOSPHERES *STALLING *MARINE METEOROLOGY *SEA WATER *SALTS POLAR REGIONS GULF STREAM IN SITU ANALYSIS CYCLOGENESIS FRONTS(METEOROLOGY) HURRICANES SATELLITE METEOROLOGY RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ADVECTION NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN PARTICLES NAVAL RESEARCH CONCENTRATION(COMPOSITION) FOULING METEOROLOGICAL DATA TURBULENCE AEROSOLS *SEA SALT FOULING SEVERE WEATHER *COMPRESSOR STALLS MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER HIGH WINDS HIGH SEAS ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY DRY POLAR AIR WARM GULFSTREAM WATERS Text 2007 ftdtic 2016-02-22T12:23:51Z This report presents the findings from a meteorological analysis of the NOAA WP-3D N42RF engine compressor stalls of February 9, 2007, which nearly led to the loss of the aircraft. Preliminary engineering and meteorological analysis performed by the NOAA pointed to sea salt fouling when the aircraft encountered super concentrations of sea salt aerosol particles in the atmosphere at an altitude above 1 km. To the authors' knowledge, this type of sea salt event is previously unrecorded in the peer-reviewed literature. Utilizing a combination of model, satellite, and in situ data, they tracked the flight environment for three research flights as part of the 2007 Ocean Winds Winter Experiment (OWWE) out of St. John's, Newfoundland, where the aircraft experienced hurricane force winds. Among the questions addressed were what conditions can lead to super concentrations of sea salt in the marine atmosphere and why was there a failure on the Feb 9 flight and not on others? In this particular case, the aircraft track took it into the dry slot behind the bent-back warm-type occluded front of a North Atlantic explosive cyclogenesis event. In this environment, dry polar air is advected at high wind speeds over the relatively warm waters of the Gulf Stream. This led to an environment of high winds, high seas, and massive atmospheric instability and turbulence along a 400 km fetch without precipitation. This allowed giant-sized sea salt particles to be well mixed in the marine boundary layer. By the authors' estimations, marine boundary layer heights for this flight were 1200 to 1500 m, well above the flight level of the aircraft. In comparison, other OWWE flights may have experienced high winds, but not the other causal factors determined for Feb 9. Lastly, since the WP-3D was intersecting warm, moist, and sea salt-laden updrafts in between longer periods of drier environments, it is possible that increased sea salt accretion developed through the oscillating wet-dry cycle. Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Aircraft Operations Center, Tampa, FL. The original document contains color images. Text Newfoundland North Atlantic Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Military Aircraft Operations Research and Experimental Aircraft Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *AIRCRAFT ENGINES *BOUNDARY LAYER *MARINE ATMOSPHERES *STALLING *MARINE METEOROLOGY *SEA WATER *SALTS POLAR REGIONS GULF STREAM IN SITU ANALYSIS CYCLOGENESIS FRONTS(METEOROLOGY) HURRICANES SATELLITE METEOROLOGY RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ADVECTION NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN PARTICLES NAVAL RESEARCH CONCENTRATION(COMPOSITION) FOULING METEOROLOGICAL DATA TURBULENCE AEROSOLS *SEA SALT FOULING SEVERE WEATHER *COMPRESSOR STALLS MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER HIGH WINDS HIGH SEAS ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY DRY POLAR AIR WARM GULFSTREAM WATERS |
spellingShingle |
Military Aircraft Operations Research and Experimental Aircraft Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *AIRCRAFT ENGINES *BOUNDARY LAYER *MARINE ATMOSPHERES *STALLING *MARINE METEOROLOGY *SEA WATER *SALTS POLAR REGIONS GULF STREAM IN SITU ANALYSIS CYCLOGENESIS FRONTS(METEOROLOGY) HURRICANES SATELLITE METEOROLOGY RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ADVECTION NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN PARTICLES NAVAL RESEARCH CONCENTRATION(COMPOSITION) FOULING METEOROLOGICAL DATA TURBULENCE AEROSOLS *SEA SALT FOULING SEVERE WEATHER *COMPRESSOR STALLS MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER HIGH WINDS HIGH SEAS ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY DRY POLAR AIR WARM GULFSTREAM WATERS Reid, Jeffrey S. Eleuterio, Daniel P. Cook, B. J. Walker, Annette L. Richardson, Kim A. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Damiano, A. B. McNamara, Richard J. Mayeaux, Martin An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
topic_facet |
Military Aircraft Operations Research and Experimental Aircraft Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *AIRCRAFT ENGINES *BOUNDARY LAYER *MARINE ATMOSPHERES *STALLING *MARINE METEOROLOGY *SEA WATER *SALTS POLAR REGIONS GULF STREAM IN SITU ANALYSIS CYCLOGENESIS FRONTS(METEOROLOGY) HURRICANES SATELLITE METEOROLOGY RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ADVECTION NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN PARTICLES NAVAL RESEARCH CONCENTRATION(COMPOSITION) FOULING METEOROLOGICAL DATA TURBULENCE AEROSOLS *SEA SALT FOULING SEVERE WEATHER *COMPRESSOR STALLS MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER HIGH WINDS HIGH SEAS ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY DRY POLAR AIR WARM GULFSTREAM WATERS |
description |
This report presents the findings from a meteorological analysis of the NOAA WP-3D N42RF engine compressor stalls of February 9, 2007, which nearly led to the loss of the aircraft. Preliminary engineering and meteorological analysis performed by the NOAA pointed to sea salt fouling when the aircraft encountered super concentrations of sea salt aerosol particles in the atmosphere at an altitude above 1 km. To the authors' knowledge, this type of sea salt event is previously unrecorded in the peer-reviewed literature. Utilizing a combination of model, satellite, and in situ data, they tracked the flight environment for three research flights as part of the 2007 Ocean Winds Winter Experiment (OWWE) out of St. John's, Newfoundland, where the aircraft experienced hurricane force winds. Among the questions addressed were what conditions can lead to super concentrations of sea salt in the marine atmosphere and why was there a failure on the Feb 9 flight and not on others? In this particular case, the aircraft track took it into the dry slot behind the bent-back warm-type occluded front of a North Atlantic explosive cyclogenesis event. In this environment, dry polar air is advected at high wind speeds over the relatively warm waters of the Gulf Stream. This led to an environment of high winds, high seas, and massive atmospheric instability and turbulence along a 400 km fetch without precipitation. This allowed giant-sized sea salt particles to be well mixed in the marine boundary layer. By the authors' estimations, marine boundary layer heights for this flight were 1200 to 1500 m, well above the flight level of the aircraft. In comparison, other OWWE flights may have experienced high winds, but not the other causal factors determined for Feb 9. Lastly, since the WP-3D was intersecting warm, moist, and sea salt-laden updrafts in between longer periods of drier environments, it is possible that increased sea salt accretion developed through the oscillating wet-dry cycle. Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Aircraft Operations Center, Tampa, FL. The original document contains color images. |
author2 |
NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV |
format |
Text |
author |
Reid, Jeffrey S. Eleuterio, Daniel P. Cook, B. J. Walker, Annette L. Richardson, Kim A. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Damiano, A. B. McNamara, Richard J. Mayeaux, Martin |
author_facet |
Reid, Jeffrey S. Eleuterio, Daniel P. Cook, B. J. Walker, Annette L. Richardson, Kim A. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Damiano, A. B. McNamara, Richard J. Mayeaux, Martin |
author_sort |
Reid, Jeffrey S. |
title |
An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
title_short |
An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
title_full |
An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
title_fullStr |
An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Assessment of the Meteorological Conditions Leading to the NOAA WP-3D Engine Compressor Stalls of February 9, 2007, Due to Sea Salt Aerosol Particle Fouling |
title_sort |
assessment of the meteorological conditions leading to the noaa wp-3d engine compressor stalls of february 9, 2007, due to sea salt aerosol particle fouling |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473677 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA473677 |
genre |
Newfoundland North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland North Atlantic |
op_source |
DTIC |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA473677 |
op_rights |
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
_version_ |
1766110144998932480 |