Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves
Four laboratory experiments and theories were developed. All have application to the Shelf Basin interaction region and elsewhere. Experiments had a plume of salt water flowing down a slope in a rotating basin filled with fresh water. Results collapse to a diagram showing that the ratio of flow spee...
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ftdtic:ADA398444 2023-05-15T15:11:22+02:00 Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves Whitehead, John A. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA 2001-12-31 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA398444 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA398444 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA398444 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DTIC AND NTIS Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *DENSITY *LABORATORY TESTS *OCEAN BASINS *BUOYANCY *FLUID MECHANICS VELOCITY STEADY STATE RATIOS INTERACTIONS LAYERS WATER RATES EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL) REGIONS SURFACES FRESH WATER WIND DIRECTION THINNESS BEHAVIOR FLOW PLUMES FLUID DYNAMICS ROTATION FRICTION STRATIFICATION WATER MASSES BASINS(GEOGRAPHIC) HYSTERESIS WAVES COLLAPSE EDDY CURRENTS SEA ICE VORTEX GENERATORS STEADY FLOW SALT WATER FROUDE NUMBER SHELF BASIN CONTINENTAL SHELF Text 2001 ftdtic 2016-02-20T09:55:02Z Four laboratory experiments and theories were developed. All have application to the Shelf Basin interaction region and elsewhere. Experiments had a plume of salt water flowing down a slope in a rotating basin filled with fresh water. Results collapse to a diagram showing that the ratio of flow speed to wave speed (Froude number) is the main criterion for waves. Mixing substantially increases with rotation rate. Second, a theory describes the effects of density stratification on the sinking of dense water. A thin surface layer of fresher water (arctic halocline) produces multiple equilibrium behavior when cooled from above. Friction from sea ice enhances hysteresis. Exploratory experiments were started. Third, free surface flows over obstacles in a channel were analyzed and observed. Some parameters allow two steady flow states. An intermediate state is discovered. Fourth, vortex generation is produced in a current of dense water descending a slope and encountering obstacles. Experiments produce the geometry of the Chukehi Sea shelf. Eddy formation exists for select parameters. All experiments indicate that ocean dynamics in the Shelf-Basin Interactions region is complex, with eddy formation, uneven mixing, and sudden water mass formation typical. --Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Text Arctic Sea ice Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Arctic |
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Open Polar |
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Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
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ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *DENSITY *LABORATORY TESTS *OCEAN BASINS *BUOYANCY *FLUID MECHANICS VELOCITY STEADY STATE RATIOS INTERACTIONS LAYERS WATER RATES EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL) REGIONS SURFACES FRESH WATER WIND DIRECTION THINNESS BEHAVIOR FLOW PLUMES FLUID DYNAMICS ROTATION FRICTION STRATIFICATION WATER MASSES BASINS(GEOGRAPHIC) HYSTERESIS WAVES COLLAPSE EDDY CURRENTS SEA ICE VORTEX GENERATORS STEADY FLOW SALT WATER FROUDE NUMBER SHELF BASIN CONTINENTAL SHELF |
spellingShingle |
Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *DENSITY *LABORATORY TESTS *OCEAN BASINS *BUOYANCY *FLUID MECHANICS VELOCITY STEADY STATE RATIOS INTERACTIONS LAYERS WATER RATES EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL) REGIONS SURFACES FRESH WATER WIND DIRECTION THINNESS BEHAVIOR FLOW PLUMES FLUID DYNAMICS ROTATION FRICTION STRATIFICATION WATER MASSES BASINS(GEOGRAPHIC) HYSTERESIS WAVES COLLAPSE EDDY CURRENTS SEA ICE VORTEX GENERATORS STEADY FLOW SALT WATER FROUDE NUMBER SHELF BASIN CONTINENTAL SHELF Whitehead, John A. Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
topic_facet |
Physical and Dynamic Oceanography *DENSITY *LABORATORY TESTS *OCEAN BASINS *BUOYANCY *FLUID MECHANICS VELOCITY STEADY STATE RATIOS INTERACTIONS LAYERS WATER RATES EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL) REGIONS SURFACES FRESH WATER WIND DIRECTION THINNESS BEHAVIOR FLOW PLUMES FLUID DYNAMICS ROTATION FRICTION STRATIFICATION WATER MASSES BASINS(GEOGRAPHIC) HYSTERESIS WAVES COLLAPSE EDDY CURRENTS SEA ICE VORTEX GENERATORS STEADY FLOW SALT WATER FROUDE NUMBER SHELF BASIN CONTINENTAL SHELF |
description |
Four laboratory experiments and theories were developed. All have application to the Shelf Basin interaction region and elsewhere. Experiments had a plume of salt water flowing down a slope in a rotating basin filled with fresh water. Results collapse to a diagram showing that the ratio of flow speed to wave speed (Froude number) is the main criterion for waves. Mixing substantially increases with rotation rate. Second, a theory describes the effects of density stratification on the sinking of dense water. A thin surface layer of fresher water (arctic halocline) produces multiple equilibrium behavior when cooled from above. Friction from sea ice enhances hysteresis. Exploratory experiments were started. Third, free surface flows over obstacles in a channel were analyzed and observed. Some parameters allow two steady flow states. An intermediate state is discovered. Fourth, vortex generation is produced in a current of dense water descending a slope and encountering obstacles. Experiments produce the geometry of the Chukehi Sea shelf. Eddy formation exists for select parameters. All experiments indicate that ocean dynamics in the Shelf-Basin Interactions region is complex, with eddy formation, uneven mixing, and sudden water mass formation typical. --Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. |
author2 |
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA |
format |
Text |
author |
Whitehead, John A. |
author_facet |
Whitehead, John A. |
author_sort |
Whitehead, John A. |
title |
Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
title_short |
Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
title_full |
Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
title_fullStr |
Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Laboratory Studies of Density Increase on Shelves |
title_sort |
laboratory studies of density increase on shelves |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA398444 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA398444 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
DTIC AND NTIS |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA398444 |
op_rights |
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE |
_version_ |
1766342237439918080 |