The Surface of Ice

• Main Author: Petrenko, Victor F.
• Other Authors: THAYER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING HANOVER NH
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1994
• Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry; Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Atomic and Molecular Physics and Spectroscopy; Optics; *SURFACES; *ICE; MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; THICKNESS; POLARIZATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; MODELS; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; LAYERS; LIQUIDS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ADSORPTION; ADHESION; STRUCTURES; X RAY DIFFRACTION; DIELECTRICS; PROTONS; GASES; RESONANCE; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; DIFFUSION; ELLIPSOMETERS; FRICTION; CHANNELS; SINTERING; ELECTRIC CHARGE; POLARIZED LIGHT; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA286424; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA286424

This report examines the structure and physical properties of the surface of ice: a liquid-like layer on the ice surface, its thickness and molecular structure, surface conductivity, surface electric charge, surface potential, surface diffusion and so forth. The author reviews experimental results and theoretical models on ice adhesion, gas adsorption and ice sintering. Special attention is given to the results of studies from the last two decades. Among the experimental techniques under consideration are nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, optical ellipsometry, measurements of ice surface conductivity and dielectric permittivity, frictional electrification of snow and ice, proton channeling and others. In conclusion, the theoretical models of the ice surface structure and the results on molecular dynamics are considered. Ice, Liquid-like layer, Proton channeling, Ice surface, Optical ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction.