The Multiple Scattering Contributions in the Strong Fluctuation Theory to the Microwave Brightness Temperature

• Main Authors: Stogryn, Alex, Karam, Mostafa A.
• Other Authors: AEROJET ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIV AZUSA CA
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1994
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Optics; *TEMPERATURE; *BRIGHTNESS; *SNOW COVER; *SEA ICE; LIGHT SCATTERING; GREENS FUNCTIONS; BORN APPROXIMATIONS; MICROWAVE BEAMS; DRY SNOW; Ice; permafrost; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA277721; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA277721

This study accounts for the contribution of multiple scattering to microwave brightness temperature of sea ice and its snow cover. The application of the distorted Born approximation in conjunction with the strong fluctuation theory has led to calculated values for brightness temperatures in agreement with measurements from sea ice and its snow cover at frequencies below 37 GHz. However, at frequencies above 37 GHz, the distorted Born approximation overestimates the brightness temperature. This is due to the fact that the distorted Born approximation accounts only for the singly scattered field. Physical and mathematical arguments showed that inclusion of higher order multiple scattering would lead to more reasonable values for the brightness temperature at higher frequencies where the multiple scattering is expected to be dominant.