In Situ Settling Behavior of Marine Snow

• Main Authors: Alldredge, Alice L., Gotschalk, Chris
• Other Authors: CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1988
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; *SNOW; *MARINE BIOLOGY; VOLUME; SIZES(DIMENSIONS); CELLS; SHAPE; SPHERES; ELLIPSOIDS; PARTICLES; COEFFICIENTS; SURFACE WATERS; HETEROGENEITY; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; DRAG; REGULATIONS; SOUTH(DIRECTION); POROUS MATERIALS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BUOYANCY; SINKING; REPRINTS; DENSITY; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA219077; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA219077

The settling velocities of undisturbed macroscopic aggregates known as marine snow were measured with SCUBA in surface waters off southern California and analyzed as a function of aggregate size, mass, and density. Sinking rates in the field varied exponentially with aggregate size and dry weight and were consistently up to four times slower than rates measured in the laboratory. The excess densities of the 80 aggregates examined were calculated from volume and dry weight and ranged over four orders of magnitude with a median of .00014 grams/centimeters cubed. Aggregates of marine snow sank more slowly than predicted for either solid or porous spheres of equivalent volume and density, although their velocities were within the range expected for equivalent sinking prolate ellipsoids. No relationships between settling velocity and either excess density or particle shape were found. Drag coefficients of marine snow were also higher than predicted by theory for spheres of equivalent volume and density. These deviations from theoretical expectations may be partially explained by errors in the estimation of the excess densities of aggregates. Variability in the densities of the heterogeneous primary particles comprising marine snow (fecal pellets, clay- mineral particles, phytoplankton, molts, etc.) and the potential for buoyancy regulation by individual phytoplankton cells inhabiting aggregates make determination of excess density especially problematic. Keywords: Snow; Marine snow; Sinking rates; Reprints; Density; Marine biology. Published in Limnology Oceanography, v33 n3 p339-351 1988.