Airfields on Antarctic Glacier Ice

• Main Authors: Mellor, Malcolm, Swithinbank, Charles
• Other Authors: COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1989
• Subjects: Terminal Flight Facilities; Snow; Ice and Permafrost; *ICE; *LANDING FIELDS; *ANTARCTIC REGIONS; WEATHER; LOW COSTS; SPECIFICATIONS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; RATES; COLD REGIONS; SURVEYS; LIMITATIONS; PATTERNS; MACHINES; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; RUNWAYS; POLAR CAP; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; ROUGHNESS; GLACIERS; LAND ICE; MILITARY REQUIREMENTS; ROSS SEA; ABLATION; POLAR REGIONS; Antarctic; Casey Station; Lechner; McMurdo Station; Mill Glacier; Mount Howe; Mount Lechner; Patriot Hills; Ross Ice Shelf; Ross Sea; Rosser Ridge; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice; Ice Shelf; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA217638; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA217638

The physical characteristics of blue ice ablation areas in Antarctica are described and some representative ablation rates are given. The possibilities for using blue-ice areas as airfields are outlined and exploratory surveys are mentioned. Site details are given for icefields at Mount Howe, Mill Glacier, Patriot Hills, Rosser Ridge, Mount Lechner, S1 near Casey station, and on the Ross Ice Shelf near McMurdo station. The surface roughness of blue ice is discussed, microrelief surveys are presented for Mount Howe and Patriot Hills, and spectral analyses are used to develop relations between bump height and wavelength. U.S. military specifications for the roughness limits of various types of runways are summarized and graphical comparisons are made with the roughness analyses for Mount Howe and Patriot Hills. Special machines for smoothing ice runways are discussed and design specifications are developed. Some notes on ground facilities and ground transport are included. Appendices give discussions of weather patterns in the Transantarctic Mountains and methodology for making spectral analyses of surface roughness. It is concluded that glacier-ice airfields for conventional transport aircraft can be developed at low cost in Antarctica. Recommendations for further work are offered. Keywords: Airfields, Antarctica, Blue ice, Cold regions, Ice, Ice runways, Land ice, Polar cap, Polar regions, Runways.