The Numerical Simulation of Infrared Satellite Measurements Over the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea

The accuracy with which self-calibrating satellite infrared radiometers can measure sea-surface temperature is limited by the modification of the electromagnetic radiation before it reaches the radiometer. These physical effects are described for the spectral interval of infrared wavelengths from ap...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Minnett, P. J.
Other Authors: SACLANT UNDERSEA RESEARCH CENTRE LA SPEZIA (ITALY)
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: 1988
Subjects:
Meteorology
Physical and Dynamic Oceanography
Infrared Detection and Detectors
*RADIOMETERS
*INFRARED SPECTRA
*OCEAN SURFACE
FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENT
MODIFICATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
WAVEFORMS
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
ACCURACY
RADIATIVE TRANSFER
VARIABLES
FORTRAN
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
COEFFICIENTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ERRORS
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
SELF OPERATION
CALIBRATION
INFRARED RADIATION
POLAR ORBIT TRAJECTORIES
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
NORWEGIAN SEA
INFRARED EQUIPMENT
GREENLAND SEA
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
INTERVALS
INFRARED DETECTION
ICELAND
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
ALGORITHMS
AVHRR(ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETERS)
SPLIT WINDOW ALGORITHMS
ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY
NATO FURNISHED
FOREIGN REPORTS
Greenland
Norwegian Sea
Greenland Sea
Iceland
Online Access:http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA198653
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA198653
Description
Summary:The accuracy with which self-calibrating satellite infrared radiometers can measure sea-surface temperature is limited by the modification of the electromagnetic radiation before it reaches the radiometer. These physical effects are described for the spectral interval of infrared wavelengths from approx. 10 to approx. 14 microns and the 'split-window' expression for sea- surface temperature is derived and discussed. An accurate numerical line-by-line model of the radiative transfer through the atmosphere is presented and is used to simulate measurements of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/ 2) on the NOAA series of near-polar orbiting satellites for conditions of the region of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas. A set of regionally optimized zenith-angle dependent coefficients for the 'split-window' algorithm is derived and its error characteristics are discussed. While the benefit of using such coefficients is demonstrated, the errors resulting from failing to account properly for seasonal changes in this particular region are shown to be relatively small. The FORTRAN programs used for the AVHRR/2 simulations at SACLANTCEN are described in appendixes. Keywords: Atmospheric variability.

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