Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985
Landsat images were used to map ice distributions along a 72-mile section of the Allegheny River, and the 129-mile-long Monongahela River. River reaches with grey ice and white ice were mapped based on images tones using conventional photointerpretation techniques. Portions of a river that appeared...
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ftdtic:ADA196432 2023-05-15T16:37:09+02:00 Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 Gatto, Lawrence W. COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH 1988-05 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA196432 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA196432 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA196432 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DTIC AND NTIS Cartography and Aerial Photography Snow Ice and Permafrost Photography *ICE *PHOTOGRAPHIC TONE *PHOTOINTERPRETATION WINTER SNOW COVER NAVIGATION REMOTE DETECTORS ADVERSE CONDITIONS THINNESS COVERINGS RIVERS GRAY SCALE OPEN WATER PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY SOLIDS TRANSPARENCE THICKNESS FRAGMENTATION *ICE COVER *RIVER ICE ALLEGHENY RIVER MONONGAHELA RIVER REMOTE DETECTION LPN-CWIS-32228 Text 1988 ftdtic 2016-02-23T08:53:47Z Landsat images were used to map ice distributions along a 72-mile section of the Allegheny River, and the 129-mile-long Monongahela River. River reaches with grey ice and white ice were mapped based on images tones using conventional photointerpretation techniques. Portions of a river that appeared black were mapped as ice free, although thin, transparent ice could also appear black. Grey tones were produced by ice that varied from patches of solid or fragmented ice with large open-water areas, to floes, pans, slush, or thin ice mixed with open areas. A white tone was produced by thick ice or snow-covered ice with very small or no open areas. Ice that produced grey tones was more frequent than ice that produced a white tone. Ice was observed on the Allegheny River during 10 of the 13 winters from 1972 to 1985, with the most severe ice conditions in 1976-77 when 100% of the river showed evidence of some ice cover, and 89% of the river was covered with white ice. The Monongahela River had ice during 7 winters. Grey ice and white ice were observed covering the entire Monongahela River during the 1983-84 winter. During 1976-77, grey and white ice covered 94%. Text Ice permafrost Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Cartography and Aerial Photography Snow Ice and Permafrost Photography *ICE *PHOTOGRAPHIC TONE *PHOTOINTERPRETATION WINTER SNOW COVER NAVIGATION REMOTE DETECTORS ADVERSE CONDITIONS THINNESS COVERINGS RIVERS GRAY SCALE OPEN WATER PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY SOLIDS TRANSPARENCE THICKNESS FRAGMENTATION *ICE COVER *RIVER ICE ALLEGHENY RIVER MONONGAHELA RIVER REMOTE DETECTION LPN-CWIS-32228 |
spellingShingle |
Cartography and Aerial Photography Snow Ice and Permafrost Photography *ICE *PHOTOGRAPHIC TONE *PHOTOINTERPRETATION WINTER SNOW COVER NAVIGATION REMOTE DETECTORS ADVERSE CONDITIONS THINNESS COVERINGS RIVERS GRAY SCALE OPEN WATER PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY SOLIDS TRANSPARENCE THICKNESS FRAGMENTATION *ICE COVER *RIVER ICE ALLEGHENY RIVER MONONGAHELA RIVER REMOTE DETECTION LPN-CWIS-32228 Gatto, Lawrence W. Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
topic_facet |
Cartography and Aerial Photography Snow Ice and Permafrost Photography *ICE *PHOTOGRAPHIC TONE *PHOTOINTERPRETATION WINTER SNOW COVER NAVIGATION REMOTE DETECTORS ADVERSE CONDITIONS THINNESS COVERINGS RIVERS GRAY SCALE OPEN WATER PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY SOLIDS TRANSPARENCE THICKNESS FRAGMENTATION *ICE COVER *RIVER ICE ALLEGHENY RIVER MONONGAHELA RIVER REMOTE DETECTION LPN-CWIS-32228 |
description |
Landsat images were used to map ice distributions along a 72-mile section of the Allegheny River, and the 129-mile-long Monongahela River. River reaches with grey ice and white ice were mapped based on images tones using conventional photointerpretation techniques. Portions of a river that appeared black were mapped as ice free, although thin, transparent ice could also appear black. Grey tones were produced by ice that varied from patches of solid or fragmented ice with large open-water areas, to floes, pans, slush, or thin ice mixed with open areas. A white tone was produced by thick ice or snow-covered ice with very small or no open areas. Ice that produced grey tones was more frequent than ice that produced a white tone. Ice was observed on the Allegheny River during 10 of the 13 winters from 1972 to 1985, with the most severe ice conditions in 1976-77 when 100% of the river showed evidence of some ice cover, and 89% of the river was covered with white ice. The Monongahela River had ice during 7 winters. Grey ice and white ice were observed covering the entire Monongahela River during the 1983-84 winter. During 1976-77, grey and white ice covered 94%. |
author2 |
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH |
format |
Text |
author |
Gatto, Lawrence W. |
author_facet |
Gatto, Lawrence W. |
author_sort |
Gatto, Lawrence W. |
title |
Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
title_short |
Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
title_full |
Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
title_fullStr |
Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Conditions Along the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers as Observed on Landsat Images, 1972-1985 |
title_sort |
ice conditions along the allegheny and monongahela rivers as observed on landsat images, 1972-1985 |
publishDate |
1988 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA196432 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA196432 |
genre |
Ice permafrost |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost |
op_source |
DTIC AND NTIS |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA196432 |
op_rights |
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
_version_ |
1766027449602146304 |