Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice.

• Main Author: Kong, Jin A
• Other Authors: MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LAB OF ELECTRONICS
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1987
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Radiofrequency Wave Propagation; *ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; *SEA ICE; ANISOTROPY; BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING CROSS SECTIONS; LAYERS; CROSS POLARIZATION; MOMENTS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION; FORMULATIONS; MIXING; ORIENTATION(DIRECTION); BISTATIC DETECTION; COEFFICIENTS; CORRELATION; SCATTERING; VARIATIONS; MIXTURES; PHASE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; POLARIZATION; COVARIANCE; BARROW(ALASKA); RADAR; POLARIMETRY; CLUTTER; GREENS FUNCTIONS; ICE; MEAN; APPROXIMATION(MATHEMATICS); NONLINEAR SYSTEMS; SNOW COVER; LENGTH; VERTICAL ORIENTATION; WAVE PROPAGATION; HORIZONTAL ORIENTATION; DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES; MICROWAVES; REMOTE SYSTEMS; ELLIPSOIDS; VOLUME; Permittivity; Multiphase mixtures; Active detectors; Volume scattering.; Mueller; Barrow; Ice; permafrost; Sea ice; Alaska
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186685; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA186685

We have studied volume scattering effects of snow-covered sea ice with a three-layer random medium model for microwave remote sensing. Strong fluctuation theory and bilocal approximation are applied to calculate the effective permittivities for snow and sea ice. Wave scattering theory, in conjunction with the distorted Born approximation, is then used to compute bistatic coefficients and backscattering cross sections. We also derived a general mixing formula for discrete scatterers immersed in a host medium. The results are applicable to general multiphase mixtures, and the scattering ellipsoids of the different phases can have different sizes and arbitrary ellipticity distribution and axis orientation, i.e., the mixture may be isotropic or anisotropic. The Mueller matrix and polarization covariance matrix are described for polarimetric radar systems. Clutter is modelled by a layer of random permittivity, described by a three-dimensional correlation function, with variance, and horizontal and vertical correlation lengths. Study of the strong fluctuation theory for a bounded layer of random discrete scatterers is extended to include high-order co-polarized and cross-polarized second moments. We have derived the dyadic Green's function for a two-layer anisotropic medium. The Born approximation is used to calculate the scattered fields. Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in an anisotropic random medium was examined with Dyson equation for the mean field. This is solved by bilocal and nonlinear approximations and with Bethe-Salpeter equation for the correlation of field.