Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice.

• Main Author: Kong,J A
• Other Authors: MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LAB OF ELECTRONICS
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1984
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Radiofrequency Wave Propagation; *MICROWAVES; *ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; *RADAR; *ICE; *SEA ICE; MEASUREMENT; SCATTERING; FIELD TESTS; ORIENTATION(DIRECTION); PASSIVE SYSTEMS; COEFFICIENTS; REMOTE DETECTORS; CANOPIES; INCOHERENT SCATTERING; REFLECTIVITY; GREENS FUNCTIONS; VEGETATION; AZIMUTH; HEMISPHERES; RADIOMETRY; PLOTTING; Remote sensing; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; Ice; permafrost; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA154406; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA154406

This is a report on the progress that has been made in the study of active and passive remote sensing of ice during the period of February 1, 1984. During this period we have: (1) calculated the emissivity of a two-layer anisotropic random medium; and (2) participated in the microwave sea ice measurement program at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). The emissivity of a two-layer anisotropic random medium has been calculated using the dyadic Green's function for a two-layer anisotropic medium and the first-order Born approximation. The emissivity is calculated by obtaining coherent and incoherent reflectivities and by making use of the relationship e=1-r. The incoherent reflectivity is obtained by integrating over the upper hemisphere the bistatic scattering coefficients obtained under the Born approximation. The theoretical results are illustrated by plotting the emissivities as functions of viewing angles and polarizations. They are used to interpret the passive microwave remote sensing data from vegetation canopy which also show strong anisotropic dependencies. Data obtained from the field measurements with corn stalks arranged in various configurations with perferred azimuthal directions are successfully interpreted with this model. It is expected that the radiometric data from CREEL measurements will also be successfully interpreted with this theoretical model. A manuscript has been prepared for submission to a journal for publication.