Lake Water Intakes under Icing Conditions

• Main Author: Dean,Arnold M , Jr
• Other Authors: COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1983
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Civil Engineering; *ICE; *INLETS; TRANSPORT; JAMMING; ACCUMULATION; PREVENTION; LAKES; WATER PIPES; COUNTERMEASURES; *Lake ice; *Water intakes; Clogging; Frazil ice; LPN-CWIS-31724; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA128757; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA128757

An intake may be restricted or clogged by active frazil, passive frazil, brash, or a combination of these ice forms. The exact nature of the interactions among the intake structure, the ice and the hydraulic and meterorologic conditions that lead to icing problems is extremely site-specific. The better these parameters are quantified, the more tailored and economical the solution. A defense against these ice forms may be formulated in four areas: the origin of the ice, the tranportaiton mechanics of the ice, the accumulation characteristics of the ice, and the form of the ice when it is in the area of influence of the intake. To produce a lake intake structure that minimizes or eliminates icing problems, one may devise an unconstrained or a constrained design. To evaluate solutions to icing problems and/or to supplement incomplete data, a scale-model investigation is recommended. A universal, unconstrained solution would be extremely extremely expensive. The more data available through site monitoring and model studies, the better the problem (and therefore the solution) can be bracketed. This paper provides guidance for developing a site-specific solution.