Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska
Development of the hydropower potential of Bradley Lake, Alaska, would nearly double winter freshwater discharge from the Bradley River into upper Kachemak Bay, and the Corps of Engineers is concerned about possible subsequent increased ice formation and related ice-induced problems. The objectives...
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ftdtic:ADA110806 2023-05-15T16:37:21+02:00 Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska Gatto,Lawrence W COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH 1981-12 text/html http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA110806 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA110806 en eng http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA110806 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DTIC AND NTIS Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Snow Ice and Permafrost *BAYS OCEAN CURRENTS ALASKA MOTION VARIATIONS SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS WINTER ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES WIND DIRECTION WIND VELOCITY CIRCULATION NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION SEA ICE PHOTOINTERPRETATION AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY *Kachemak Bay Satellite photography Text 1981 ftdtic 2016-02-20T22:31:55Z Development of the hydropower potential of Bradley Lake, Alaska, would nearly double winter freshwater discharge from the Bradley River into upper Kachemak Bay, and the Corps of Engineers is concerned about possible subsequent increased ice formation and related ice-induced problems. The objectives of this investigation were to describe winter surface circulation in the bay and document ice distribution patterns for predicting where additional ice might be transported if it forms. Fifty-one Landsat MSS band 5 and 7 and RBV images with 70% cloud cover or less, taken between 1 November and 30 April each year, were analyzed for the eight winters from 1972 to 1980 with standard photointerpretation techniques. Results of this analysis showed that glacial sediment discharged into Kachemak Bay acts as a natural tracer in the water. Inner Kachemak Bay circulation in the winter is predominantly counterclockwise, with northeasterly nearshore currents along the south shore and southwesterly nearshore currents along the north shore. Most of the ice in the inner bay forms at its northeast end and is discharged by the Fox, Sheep and Bradley Rivers. Some ice becomes shorefast on the tidal flats at the head of the bay, while some moves southwestward along the north shore pushed by winds and currents. When this ice reaches Coal Bay, it accumulates between Homer Spit and the north shore. This buildup extended out to Coal Point at the tip of Homer Spit in February 1976 and 1979; ice was not observed in the nearshore zone along the south shore of the inner bay. Text Ice Kachemak permafrost Sea ice Alaska Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database Bradley Lake ENVELOPE(-106.084,-106.084,59.467,59.467) Inner Bay ENVELOPE(-37.967,-37.967,-54.017,-54.017) Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC Technical Reports database |
op_collection_id |
ftdtic |
language |
English |
topic |
Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Snow Ice and Permafrost *BAYS OCEAN CURRENTS ALASKA MOTION VARIATIONS SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS WINTER ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES WIND DIRECTION WIND VELOCITY CIRCULATION NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION SEA ICE PHOTOINTERPRETATION AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY *Kachemak Bay Satellite photography |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Snow Ice and Permafrost *BAYS OCEAN CURRENTS ALASKA MOTION VARIATIONS SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS WINTER ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES WIND DIRECTION WIND VELOCITY CIRCULATION NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION SEA ICE PHOTOINTERPRETATION AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY *Kachemak Bay Satellite photography Gatto,Lawrence W Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
topic_facet |
Meteorology Physical and Dynamic Oceanography Snow Ice and Permafrost *BAYS OCEAN CURRENTS ALASKA MOTION VARIATIONS SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS WINTER ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES WIND DIRECTION WIND VELOCITY CIRCULATION NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION SEA ICE PHOTOINTERPRETATION AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY *Kachemak Bay Satellite photography |
description |
Development of the hydropower potential of Bradley Lake, Alaska, would nearly double winter freshwater discharge from the Bradley River into upper Kachemak Bay, and the Corps of Engineers is concerned about possible subsequent increased ice formation and related ice-induced problems. The objectives of this investigation were to describe winter surface circulation in the bay and document ice distribution patterns for predicting where additional ice might be transported if it forms. Fifty-one Landsat MSS band 5 and 7 and RBV images with 70% cloud cover or less, taken between 1 November and 30 April each year, were analyzed for the eight winters from 1972 to 1980 with standard photointerpretation techniques. Results of this analysis showed that glacial sediment discharged into Kachemak Bay acts as a natural tracer in the water. Inner Kachemak Bay circulation in the winter is predominantly counterclockwise, with northeasterly nearshore currents along the south shore and southwesterly nearshore currents along the north shore. Most of the ice in the inner bay forms at its northeast end and is discharged by the Fox, Sheep and Bradley Rivers. Some ice becomes shorefast on the tidal flats at the head of the bay, while some moves southwestward along the north shore pushed by winds and currents. When this ice reaches Coal Bay, it accumulates between Homer Spit and the north shore. This buildup extended out to Coal Point at the tip of Homer Spit in February 1976 and 1979; ice was not observed in the nearshore zone along the south shore of the inner bay. |
author2 |
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH |
format |
Text |
author |
Gatto,Lawrence W |
author_facet |
Gatto,Lawrence W |
author_sort |
Gatto,Lawrence W |
title |
Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
title_short |
Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
title_full |
Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
title_fullStr |
Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Distribution and Winter Surface Circulation Patterns, Kachemak Bay, Alaska |
title_sort |
ice distribution and winter surface circulation patterns, kachemak bay, alaska |
publishDate |
1981 |
url |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA110806 http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA110806 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-106.084,-106.084,59.467,59.467) ENVELOPE(-37.967,-37.967,-54.017,-54.017) |
geographic |
Bradley Lake Inner Bay Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Bradley Lake Inner Bay Pacific |
genre |
Ice Kachemak permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Ice Kachemak permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
op_source |
DTIC AND NTIS |
op_relation |
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA110806 |
op_rights |
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE |
_version_ |
1766027637281521664 |