Electromagnetic Subsurface Measurements.

• Main Author: Dean,Arnold M , Jr
• Other Authors: COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1981
• Subjects: Active & Passive Radar Detection & Equipment; *PROFILOMETERS; *RADAR EQUIPMENT; *RADAR PULSES; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; MEASUREMENT; ARMY RESEARCH; WATER; AIRBORNE; INTENSITY; COLD REGIONS; RADAR; FRESH WATER; PENETRATION; SNOW; ENGINEERING; PULSES; LIMITATIONS; CONFIGURATIONS; LABORATORY PROCEDURES; LABORATORIES; NOISE; RIVERS; BANKS(WATERWAYS); SUBSURFACE; SEA ICE; PERMAFROST; ICEBERGS; REVETMENTS; Frazil ice; Water penetrating radar; Brash ice; Oil detection; Underwater radar signals; Sheet ice; Water(Air Entrained); Ice jams; Gas detection; LPN-CWIS-31350; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; Ice; permafrost; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA108192; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA108192

In 1974, personnel at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) began using an impulse radar system to profile accumulations of ice forms. Through field experience, the system has been modified so that it can be effectively used as a profiling system in a ground or airborne configuration, in certain high-noise environments. The system can penetrate fresh water and media with a high water content. For instance, frazil and brash ice accumulations with approximately 50% water have been profiled to a depth of 25 to 35 ft. As a result of the CRREL modifications, the system has found extensive and varied applications as a low-level remote sensing tool. Applications include profiling ice accumulations (including ice jams), river beds, sheet ice, permafrost, subsurface ice masses, river bank revetments through air-entrained water, snow covers, sea ice, icebergs, and peat bogs. Limited laboratory work has also shown that the impulse radar system may be able to detect oil and gas under sea ice. Selected applications and data are presented. Since it has been used mainly for research, the CRREL system needs further development to make it useful to operational units. Additional development of hardware and software is recommended.