STUDIES IN MARINE GEOPHYSICS AND UNDERWATER SOUND FROM DRIFTING ICE STATIONS.

• Main Authors: Hunkins,Kenneth L., Kutschale,Henry W., Hall,John K.
• Other Authors: LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY PALISADES N Y
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1969
• Subjects: Seismology; Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Acoustics; (*MARINE GEOPHYSICS; *ARCTIC OCEAN); (*UNDERWATER SOUND; *ICE ISLANDS); DRIFT; ECHO RANGING; REFLECTION; SEDIMENTATION; THICKNESS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; SOUND TRANSMISSION; OCEAN WAVES; SCATTERING; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; DATA PROCESSING; OCEAN CURRENTS; ARLIS 2 ICE ISLAND; FLETCHERS ICE ISLAND; SEISMIC NOISE; Alpha Cordillera; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Canada; Canada Plain; Mendeleyev; Mendeleyev Ridge; Wrangel Plain; Ice; Ice Sheet; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0696997; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0696997

The detailed drift of T-3 from May 1962 to June 1969 is plotted from over 9000 celestial and satellite fixes processed entirely by digital computer. Over 14,000 km of precision depth profiles show detailed topography of parts of the Northwind Ridge, Chuckchi Rise, Mendeleyev Ridge, Alpha Cordillera, Wrangel Plain, Canada Plain, and Chuckchi Plain. Over 4,500 km of continuous seismic reflection profile show sediment thicknesses of about 1 km on the ridges to more than 3.5 km under Wrangel Plain. Over 49,000 magnetic and 10,000 gravity measurements have helped to delineate regional geologic structure and crustal movements. The sound scattering layer in the Arctic was discovered on precision depth recordings. Long-range sound propagation in the Arctic SOFAR channel is described by ray and normal mode theory. The normal mode treatment for the channel bounded above by a rough ice sheet is in remarkably good agreement with acoustic signatures from distant explosions. The Ekman current spiral was verified. This is the first quantitative verification of Ekman's theory in any deep ocean. The first observations of seismic noise on the Arctic Ocean floor were made aboard ice island ARLIS II. (Author)