ICE CONSTRUCTION - METHODS OF SURFACE FLOODING.

• Main Author: Hoffman,C. R.
• Other Authors: NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CALIF
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1967
• Subjects: Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Civil Engineering; (*ICE; TRAFFICABILITY); (*CONSTRUCTION; POLAR REGIONS); ICE ISLANDS; STABILITY; WATER; SEA WATER; FREEZING; THICKNESS; QUALITY CONTROL; CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0645917; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0645917

Two surface-flooding techniques for improving natural ice areas have been developed by the U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory. Confined flooding, in which the flood is contained by natural barriers or man-made dikes, is used principally for filling and leveling ice areas where deflection of the natural ice is not a problem. Free flooding, in which the outward flow of water is governed by natural forces such as gravity and freezing of the flood perimeter, is generally used for the accelerated buildup of thinner natural ice areas where deflection is encountered. Adequate methods have been developed for surface flooding a relatively small area with a maximum dimension of 1,200 feet and for increasing ice thickness by as much as 5 feet. Continued investigation is required for the multipump flooding of areas 5,000 feet long, the flooding of deep snow, and the construction of ice roadways through tidal and pressure-ice areas.