Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats

• Published in: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
• Main Authors: Masuda,Koji, Tanaka,Yoshihiro, Kanehisa,Masayuki, Ninomiya,Taiga, Inoue,Ayako, Higuma,Haruka, Kawashima,Chiwa, Nakanishi,Mari, Okamoto,Kana, Akiyoshi,Jotaro
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Press 2017
• Subjects: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment; Kana; taiga
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/natural-reduced-water-suppressed-anxiety-and-protected-the-heightened--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

Koji Masuda, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Masayuki Kanehisa, Taiga Ninomiya, Ayako Inoue, Haruka Higuma, Chiwa Kawashima, Mari Nakanishi, Kana Okamoto, Jotaro Akiyoshi Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan Background: In Japan, the effects of reduced water, such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced water, like Hita Tenryosui water®, have been examined. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of natural reduced water in anxiety and blood biochemical analysis.Materials and methods: Natural reduced water and distilled water were administered to rats for 180 consecutive days, and their effect on anxiety-like behavior and depression was examined by using elevated plus maze, light/dark, forced swimming, and conditioned fear tests. Before and after administration of natural reduced or distilled water, we performed blood and urine analyses.Results: Natural reduced water exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in the conditioned fear and elevated plus maze tests. The mean levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the natural reduced water were significantly lower than the distilled water group. Natural reduced water group also showed decrease in blood–urea nitrogen levels compared with the distilled water group.Conclusion: These results indicate that natural reduced water may decrease anxiety-related behaviors and prevent heightened oxidative stress. Keywords: urea nitrogen, depression, Hita Tenryosui, conditioned fear, elevated plus maze, 8-OHdG