Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using li...
Published in: | Nature |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/publication/details/22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4/oai |
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© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and ... |
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Kim, Jeongseon Unal, Belgin Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia Di Cesare, Mariachiara Sophiea, Marisa K. Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Taddei, Cristina Ezzati, Majid Gregg, Edward W. Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga Zoghlami, Nada Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zholdin, Bekbolat Zheng, Yingfeng Zhen, Shiqi Zhao, Wenhua Zhang, Zhen-Yu Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic Kim, Hyeon Chang Killewo, Japhet Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Drygas, Wojciech Dragano, Nico Dorobantu, Maria Döring, Angela Donoso, Silvana P. Donfrancesco, Chiara Dobson, Annette J. Djalalinia, Shirin Dika, Zivka Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dhimal, Meghnath Deschamps, Valérie Dennison, Elaine Delisle, Hélène Dehghan, Abbas Deev, Alexander D. Deepa, Mohan De Smedt, Delphine De Ridder, David de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Henauw, Stefaan de Gaetano, Giovanni De Bacquer, Dirk De Backer, Guy Davletov, Kairat Dauchet, Luc Dantoft, Thomas M. 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Lopez, Tania Lopez-Garcia, Esther Loit, Helle-Mai Liu, Jing Lissner, Lauren Linneberg, Allan Lind, Lars Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Xu Lin, Hsien-Ho Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lim, Wei-Yen Lilly, Christa L. Li, Yanping Levitt, Naomi S. Lehtimäki, Terho Lehmann, Nils Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Jeannette Lazo-Porras, Maria Laugsand, Lars E. Latt, Tint Swe Larijani, Bagher Lanska, Vera Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina Lam, Tai Hing Laid, Youcef Lachat, Carl Laatikainen, Tiina Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Kyobutungi, Catherine Kurjata, Pawel Kujala, Urho M. Kromhout, Daan Krokstad, Steiner Kristensen, Peter Lund Kriemler, Susi Kratzer, Wolfgang Kowlessur, Sudhir Viet, Lucie Vidiawati, Dhanasari Victora, Cesar G. Verschuren, W. M. Monique Veronesi, Giovanni Venero-Fernández, Silvia J. Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veidebaum, Toomas Vega, Tomas Vatten, Lars Vasan, Senthil K. 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spellingShingle |
Kim, Jeongseon Unal, Belgin Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia Di Cesare, Mariachiara Sophiea, Marisa K. Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Taddei, Cristina Ezzati, Majid Gregg, Edward W. Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga Zoghlami, Nada Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zholdin, Bekbolat Zheng, Yingfeng Zhen, Shiqi Zhao, Wenhua Zhang, Zhen-Yu Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic Kim, Hyeon Chang Killewo, Japhet Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Drygas, Wojciech Dragano, Nico Dorobantu, Maria Döring, Angela Donoso, Silvana P. Donfrancesco, Chiara Dobson, Annette J. Djalalinia, Shirin Dika, Zivka Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dhimal, Meghnath Deschamps, Valérie Dennison, Elaine Delisle, Hélène Dehghan, Abbas Deev, Alexander D. Deepa, Mohan De Smedt, Delphine De Ridder, David de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Henauw, Stefaan de Gaetano, Giovanni De Bacquer, Dirk De Backer, Guy Davletov, Kairat Dauchet, Luc Dantoft, Thomas M. Dankner, Rachel Damasceno, Albertino Dallongeville, Jean d’Orsi, Eleonora D’Arrigo, Graziella Cureau, Felipe V. Cui, Liufu Csilla, Semánová Crujeiras, Ana B. Cowell, Chris Cottel, Dominique Costanzo, Simona Cooper, Cyrus Confortin, Susana C. Concin, Hans Clays, Els Clarke, Janine Claessens, Frank Chudek, Jerzy Cho, Yumi Cho, Belong Chirlaque, María-Dolores Chiou, Shu-Ti Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zaw, Ko Ko Zampelas, Antonis Zambon, Sabina Chetrit, Angela Cheraghian, Bahman Cheng, Ching-Yu Chen, Shuohua Chen, Fangfang Chen, Chien-Jen Chaturvedi, Nish Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Censi, Laura Casanueva, Felipe F. Carvalho, Joana Cardoso, Viviane C. Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Eduardo Capanzana, Mario V. Cândido, Ana Paula C. Can, Günay Cacciottolo, Joseph de León, Antonio Cabrera Busch, Markus A. Bugge, Anna Bruno, Graziella Brewster, Lizzy M. Brenner, Hermann Breckenkamp, Juergen Brajkovich, Imperia Bovet, Pascal Borghs, Herman Borchini, Rossana Bongard, Vanina Bonaccio, Marialaura Boissonnet, Carlos P. Boggia, Jose G. Boehm, Bernhard O. Bo, Simona Blokstra, Anneke Bloch, Katia V. Björkelund, Cecilia Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Espen Bjerregaard, Peter Bista, Bihungum Bikbov, Mukharram Bienek, Asako Bi, Yufang Bhargava, Santosh K. Bettiol, Heloisa Bernotiene, Gailute Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Berkinbayev, Salim Benn, Marianne Benet, Mikhail Ben Romdhane, Habiba Belavendra, Antonisamy Beaglehole, Robert Baur, Louise A. Batyrbek, Assembekov Batieha, Anwar M. Bata, Iqbal Barkat, Amina Barceló, Alberto Barbagallo, Carlo M. Banegas, José R. Bandosz, Piotr Banach, Maciej Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Balakrishna, Nagalla Azmin, Mehrdad Azizi, Fereidoun Azevedo, Ana Avdicová, Mária Auvinen, Juha Assunção, Maria Cecília F. Aspelund, Thor Aryal, Krishna K. Arku, Raphael E. Aris, Tahir Ariansen, Inger Araújo, Joana Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andersen, Lars Bo Petersmann, Astrid Peters, Annette Pereira, Alexandre C. Peltonen, Markku Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peer, Nasheeta Patel, Nikhil D. Parnell, Winsome R. Panza, Francesco Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pan, Wen-Harn Palmieri, Luigi Pajak, Andrzej Pahomova, Elena Paccaud, Fred Michel Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Otero, Johanna A. Ostovar, Afshin Ostojic, Sergej M. Osmond, Clive Ortiz, Pedro J. Ornelas, Rui Ordunez, Pedro Onat, Altan Omar, Mohd Azahadi Oliveira, Isabel O. Olié, Valérie Olafsson, Örn Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Oh, Kyungwon Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M. O’Reilly, Dermot O’Neill, Terence W. Nuhoğlu, Irfan Nsour, Mohannad Al Noto, Davide Noboa, Oscar A. Noale, Marianna Ninomiya, Toshiharu Ning, Guang Niiranen, Teemu J. Nihal, Thomas Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nervi, Flavio Nenko, Ilona Nejatizadeh, Azim Neal, William A. Nauck, Matthias Nangia, Vinay B. Nang, Ei Ei K. Námešná, Jana Amouyel, Philippe Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Aly, Eman Alkerwi, Ala’a Alkandari, Abdullah Ali, Mohamed M. AlDhukair, Shahla AlBuhairan, Fadia Alarouj, Monira Ajlouni, Kamel Ahrens, Wolfgang Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Ali Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Agyemang, Charles Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Iannone, Anna G. Iacoviello, Licia Hwalla, Nahla Huybrechts, Inge Husseini, Abdullatif S. Hunsberger, Monica L. Huisman, Martijn Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huerta, José María Htike, Maung Maung Than Htet, Aung Soe Htay, Thein Thein Howitt, Christina Houti, Leila Horta, Bernardo L. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hopman, Wilma M. Homayounfar, Reza Hofman, Albert Hobbs, Michael Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Sai Yin Hill, Allan G. Heshmat, Ramin Herrala, Sauli Henriques, Ana Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth He, Yuna Hayes, Alison J. Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hata, Jun Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hantunen, Sari Hamzeh, Behrooz Hambleton, Ian R. Hakimi, Hamid Haghshenas, Rosa Hadaegh, Farzad Ha, Seongjun Gutzwiller, Felix Gutierrez, Laura Gupta, Rajeev Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Guessous, Idris Guerrero, Ramiro Gudnason, Vilmundur Gudmundsson, Elias F. Guan, Ong Peng Guallar-Castillón, Pilar Gu, Dongfeng Gruden, Gabriella Grosso, Giuseppe Grøntved, Anders Grodzicki, Tomasz Gregor, Ronald D. Grafnetter, Dušan Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Gottrand, Frederic Gonzalez, Angel R. González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Clicerio González-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonçalves, Helen Goltzman, David Giwercman, Aleksander Gironella, Glen Giovannelli, Jonathan Gill, Tiffany K. Gianfagna, Francesco Ghimire, Anup Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghasemi, Erfan Ghanbari, Ali Geleijnse, Johanna M. Gazzinelli, Andrea Gasull, Magda Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Garnett, Sarah P. Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gao, Jingli Galvano, Fabio Gaciong, Zbigniew Furusawa, Takuro Fumihiko, Matsuda Fujita, Yuki Frontera, Guillermo Franco, Oscar H. do Carmo Franco, Maria Francis, Damian K. Fouad, Heba M. Forsner, Maria Forslund, Ann-Sofie Foo, Leng Huat Föger, Bernhard Ferrieres, Jean Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrari, Marika Ferrante, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferguson, Trevor S. Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Farjam, Mojtaba Faramarzi, Elnaz Fall, Caroline H. Faeh, David Evans, Alun Esmaeili, Ali Eslami, Saeid Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge Eriksson, Johan G. Eriksen, Louise Erem, Cihangir Erbel, Raimund Erasmus, Rajiv T. Elosua, Roberto Eliasen, Marie Eldemire-Shearer, Denise El Ati, Jalila Ekelund, Ulf Eiben, Gabriele Eghtesad, Sareh Eggertsen, Robert Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eddie, Ricky Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Dzerve, Vilnis Duda, Rosemary B. Duante, Charmaine A. Du, Yong van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Szklo, Moyses Sofat, Reecha Khosravi, Alireza Kheradmand, Motahareh Khateeb, Mohammad Khader, Yousef Saleh Kersting, Mathilde Kerimkulova, Alina Keramati, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Keil, Ulrich Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Kavousi, Maryam Kaur, Prabhdeep Kauhanen, Jussi Islam, Muhammad Ishida, Takafumi Irazola, Vilma E. Iotova, Violeta Ikram, M. Arfan Ikeda, Nayu Iglesia, Iris Agdeppa, Imelda A. Adams, Robert J. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Rahim, Hanan Abdul Abarca-Gómez, Leandra Aadahl, Mette Zhao, Dong Nordestgaard, Børge G. Mathur, Prashant Margozzini, Paula Laxmaiah, Avula Kuulasmaa, Kari Khang, Young-Ho Kengne, Andre Pascal Giampaoli, Simona Cifkova, Renata Aekplakorn, Wichai Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Bennett, James E. Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Riley, Leanne M. Voortman, Trudy Santero, Marilina Kakarmath, Sujay Gulayin, Pablo Dhana, Klodian Asghari, Golaleh Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Farzadfar, Farshad Jackson, Rod T. Danaei, Goodarz Santos, Rute Miller, Jody C. Mann, Jim I. Machi, Suka Lappas, Georg Katz, Joanne Karki, Khem B. Kamstrup, Pia R. Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kajantie, Eero O. Kafatos, Anthony Juolevi, Anne Józwiak, Jacek Joukar, Farahnaz Joshi, Pradeep Jørgensen, Torben Jonas, Jost B. Jokelainen, Jari J. Joffres, Michel Jöckel, Karl-Heinz Jimenez, Ramon O. Jiang, Chao Qiang Jha, Anjani Kumar Jeong, Seung-lyeal Jensen, Gorm B. Jennings, Garry Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Ana Jasienska, Grazyna Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Janszky, Imre Jamrozik, Konrad James, Kenneth Jafar, Tazeen Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Iwasaki, Masanori al-Safi Ismail, Aziz Khalili, Davood He, Jiang Plata, Silvia Ong, Sok King Muiesan, Maria L. Arlappa, Nimmathota Janus, Edward Zamani, Farhad Zali, Mohammad Reza Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi Younger-Coleman, Novie O. You, San-Lin Yoshihara, Akihiro Yoosefi, Moein Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yeow, Toh Peng Ye, Xingwang Yasuharu, Tabara Yang, Xiaoguang Yan, Weili Xu, Liang Xu, Haiquan Wu, Shouling Wu, Frederick C. Woodward, Mark Woo, Jean Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Andrew Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wilsgaard, Tom Willeit, Peter Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando Rinke de Wit, Tobias F. Rigo, Fernando Richter, Adrian Ribeiro, Robespierre Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Revilla, Luis Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Redon, Josep Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Lekhraj Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Elisabete Ramachandran, Ambady Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Raitakari, Olli Rahimikazerooni, Salar Radisauskas, Ricardas Bao, Tran Quoc Qorbani, Mostafa Punab, Margus Puhakka, Soile E. Puder, Jardena J. Providencia, Rui Price, Jacqueline F. Pradeepa, Rajendra Poustchi, Hossein Pourfarzi, Farhad Poudyal, Anil Portegies, Marileen L. P. Porta, Miquel Pohlabeln, Hermann Plans-Rubió, Pedro Pizarro, Andreia N. Piwonska, Aleksandra Pilotto, Lorenza Pilav, Aida Pigeot, Iris Pichardo, Rafael N. Pham, Son Thai Peykari, Niloofar Petkeviciene, Janina Nakamura, Harunobu Najafi, Farid Naidu, Balkish M. Nagel, Gabriele Naderimagham, Shohreh Nabipour, Iraj Mustafa, Norlaila Mursu, Jaakko Müller-Nurasyid, Martina Msyamboza, Kelias P. Motta, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Mota, Jorge Mostafa, Aya Mossakowska, Malgorzata Moschonis, George Morin, Suzanne N. Morgan, Karen Moreno, Luis A. Morejon, Alain Moosazadeh, Mahmood Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Mondo, Charles K. Momenan, Amirabbas Molnár, Dénes Møller, Niels C. Møllehave, Line T. Moitry, Marie Mohebi, Farnam Mohebbi, Iraj Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohanna, Salim Mohan, Viswanathan Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammad, Kazem Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohajer, Bahram Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Modesti, Pietro A. Mirrakhimov, Erkin Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Miranda, J. Jaime Miquel, Juan Francisco Mini, G.K. Minderico, Cláudia S. Michels, Nathalie Mi, Jie Meyer, Haakon E. Metcalf, Patricia Meshram, Indrapal I. Mereke, Alibek Merat, Shahin Menon, Geetha R. Menezes, Ana Maria B. Meisinger, Christa Meirhaeghe, Aline Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Mehlig, Kirsten Mehdipour, Parinaz Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia McNulty, Breige A. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Rachael M. McLachlan, Stela McGarvey, Stephen T. McFarlane, Shelly R. Mavrogianni, Christina Matsha, Tandi E. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mascarenhas, Luis P. Martorell, Reynaldo Marques-Vidal, Pedro Manzato, Enzo Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manios, Yannis Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Makdisse, Marcia Maire, Bernard Mahasampath, Gowri Magriplis, Emmanuella Magliano, Dianna J. Maggi, Stefania Madar, Ahmed A. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Ma, Guansheng Lunet, Nuno Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Annamari Luksiene, Dalia Lozano, José Eugenio Lotufo, Paulo A. Lopez, Tania Lopez-Garcia, Esther Loit, Helle-Mai Liu, Jing Lissner, Lauren Linneberg, Allan Lind, Lars Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Xu Lin, Hsien-Ho Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lim, Wei-Yen Lilly, Christa L. Li, Yanping Levitt, Naomi S. Lehtimäki, Terho Lehmann, Nils Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Jeannette Lazo-Porras, Maria Laugsand, Lars E. Latt, Tint Swe Larijani, Bagher Lanska, Vera Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina Lam, Tai Hing Laid, Youcef Lachat, Carl Laatikainen, Tiina Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Kyobutungi, Catherine Kurjata, Pawel Kujala, Urho M. Kromhout, Daan Krokstad, Steiner Kristensen, Peter Lund Kriemler, Susi Kratzer, Wolfgang Kowlessur, Sudhir Viet, Lucie Vidiawati, Dhanasari Victora, Cesar G. Verschuren, W. M. Monique Veronesi, Giovanni Venero-Fernández, Silvia J. Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veidebaum, Toomas Vega, Tomas Vatten, Lars Vasan, Senthil K. Varona-Pérez, Patricia Varbo, Anette Vanuzzo, Diego Vanderschueren, Dirk Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Rossem, Lenie Van Minh, Hoang Van Herck, Koen van der Schouw, Yvonne T. van Dam, Rob M. Valvi, Damaskini Valdivia, Gonzalo Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Ulmer, Hanno Ugel, Eunice Ueda, Peter Tzourio, Christophe Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Tuomilehto, Jaakko Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tsugane, Shoichiro Truthmann, Julia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Traissac, Pierre Torres-Collado, Laura Torrent, Maties Tornaritis, Michael J. Tormo, María José Topór-Madry, Roman Topbas, Murat Tolstrup, Janne S. Tolonen, Hanna K. Toft, Ulla Thuesen, Betina H. Thijs, Lutgarde Thankappan, K.R. Tello, Tania Tell, Grethe S. Taylor, Julie Taylor, Anne Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tan, Eng Joo Kouda, Katsuyasu Koskinen, Seppo Kos, Jelena Korrovits, Paul Korpelainen, Raija König, Jürgen Kolsteren, Patrick Kolle, Elin Kohler, Iliana V. Kohler, Hans-Peter Ko, Stephanie Knoflach, Michael Klumbiene, Jurate Kim, Yeon-Yong Willeit, Johann Wilks, Rainford J. Wijga, Alet H. Wiecek, Andrzej Widyahening, Indah S. Widhalm, Kurt Whincup, Peter H. Wei, Wenbin Wedderkopp, Niels Wannamethee, S. Goya Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Qian Wang, Ningli Wang, Ming-Dong Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Walton, Janette Wagner, Aline Wade, Alisha N. Voutilainen, Ari Vollenweider, Peter Vlasoff, Tiina Viswanathan, Bharathi Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Virtanen, Jyrki K. Vioque, Jesus Villalpando, Salvador Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tai, E. Shyong Sylva, René Charles Sy, Rody G. Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sundström, Johan Sun, Chien-An Suárez-Medina, Ramón Strufaldi, Maria Wany Stronks, Karien Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stöckl, Doris Stieber, Jutta Stevanović, Ranko Stessman, Jochanan Stein, Aryeh D. Stehle, Peter Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stavreski, Bill Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staessen, Jan A. Sparrenberger, Karen Sozmen, Kaan Soumaré, Aïcha Jérome, Charles Sossa Sørensen, Thorkild I. A. Sonestedt, Emily Somi, Mohammad Hossein Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Soemantri, Agustinus Söderberg, Stefan Snijder, Marieke B. Smeeth, Liam Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Skaaby, Tea Sjöström, Michael Simons, Leon A. Simons, Judith Simon, Mary Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Sibai, Abla M. Siantar, Rosalynn Siani, Alfonso Si-Ramlee, Khairil Shrestha, Namuna Shiri, Rahman Shirani, Majid Shin, Youchan Shin, Dong Wook Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shibuya, Kenji Shi, Zumin Shayanrad, Amaneh Shaw, Jonathan E. Sharma, Sanjib K. Sharafkhah, Maryam Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shakeri, Ramin Servais, Jennifer Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Sen, Abhijit Sein, Aye Aye Sebert, Sylvain Schramm, Sara Schöttker, Ben Schmidt, Carsten O. Schipf, Sabine Schienkiewitz, Anja Scheidt-Nave, Christa Schargrodsky, Herman Schaan, Beatriz D. Scazufca, Marcia Sbaraini, Mariana Sawada, Norie Savva, Savvas C. Saum, Kai-Uwe Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sardinha, Luis B. Saramies, Jouko L. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Diana A. Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba M. Sans, Susana Sánchez-Abanto, Jose Salvetti, Massimo Salonen, Jukka T. Salomaa, Veikko Salmerón, Diego Salanave, Benoit Saki, Nader Saidi, Olfa Safiri, Saeid Safarpour, Ali Reza Sadjadi, Alireza Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sabanayagam, Charumathi Rutkowski, Marcin Rust, Petra Russo, Paola Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Rubinstein, Adolfo Roy, Joel G. R. Rosengren, Annika Romeo, Elisabetta L. Romaguera, Dora Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Roggenbuck, Ulla Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
author_facet |
Kim, Jeongseon Unal, Belgin Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia Di Cesare, Mariachiara Sophiea, Marisa K. Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Taddei, Cristina Ezzati, Majid Gregg, Edward W. Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga Zoghlami, Nada Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zholdin, Bekbolat Zheng, Yingfeng Zhen, Shiqi Zhao, Wenhua Zhang, Zhen-Yu Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic Kim, Hyeon Chang Killewo, Japhet Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Drygas, Wojciech Dragano, Nico Dorobantu, Maria Döring, Angela Donoso, Silvana P. Donfrancesco, Chiara Dobson, Annette J. Djalalinia, Shirin Dika, Zivka Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dhimal, Meghnath Deschamps, Valérie Dennison, Elaine Delisle, Hélène Dehghan, Abbas Deev, Alexander D. Deepa, Mohan De Smedt, Delphine De Ridder, David de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Henauw, Stefaan de Gaetano, Giovanni De Bacquer, Dirk De Backer, Guy Davletov, Kairat Dauchet, Luc Dantoft, Thomas M. Dankner, Rachel Damasceno, Albertino Dallongeville, Jean d’Orsi, Eleonora D’Arrigo, Graziella Cureau, Felipe V. Cui, Liufu Csilla, Semánová Crujeiras, Ana B. Cowell, Chris Cottel, Dominique Costanzo, Simona Cooper, Cyrus Confortin, Susana C. Concin, Hans Clays, Els Clarke, Janine Claessens, Frank Chudek, Jerzy Cho, Yumi Cho, Belong Chirlaque, María-Dolores Chiou, Shu-Ti Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zaw, Ko Ko Zampelas, Antonis Zambon, Sabina Chetrit, Angela Cheraghian, Bahman Cheng, Ching-Yu Chen, Shuohua Chen, Fangfang Chen, Chien-Jen Chaturvedi, Nish Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Censi, Laura Casanueva, Felipe F. Carvalho, Joana Cardoso, Viviane C. Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Eduardo Capanzana, Mario V. Cândido, Ana Paula C. Can, Günay Cacciottolo, Joseph de León, Antonio Cabrera Busch, Markus A. Bugge, Anna Bruno, Graziella Brewster, Lizzy M. Brenner, Hermann Breckenkamp, Juergen Brajkovich, Imperia Bovet, Pascal Borghs, Herman Borchini, Rossana Bongard, Vanina Bonaccio, Marialaura Boissonnet, Carlos P. Boggia, Jose G. Boehm, Bernhard O. Bo, Simona Blokstra, Anneke Bloch, Katia V. Björkelund, Cecilia Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Espen Bjerregaard, Peter Bista, Bihungum Bikbov, Mukharram Bienek, Asako Bi, Yufang Bhargava, Santosh K. Bettiol, Heloisa Bernotiene, Gailute Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Berkinbayev, Salim Benn, Marianne Benet, Mikhail Ben Romdhane, Habiba Belavendra, Antonisamy Beaglehole, Robert Baur, Louise A. Batyrbek, Assembekov Batieha, Anwar M. Bata, Iqbal Barkat, Amina Barceló, Alberto Barbagallo, Carlo M. Banegas, José R. Bandosz, Piotr Banach, Maciej Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Balakrishna, Nagalla Azmin, Mehrdad Azizi, Fereidoun Azevedo, Ana Avdicová, Mária Auvinen, Juha Assunção, Maria Cecília F. Aspelund, Thor Aryal, Krishna K. Arku, Raphael E. Aris, Tahir Ariansen, Inger Araújo, Joana Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andersen, Lars Bo Petersmann, Astrid Peters, Annette Pereira, Alexandre C. Peltonen, Markku Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peer, Nasheeta Patel, Nikhil D. Parnell, Winsome R. Panza, Francesco Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pan, Wen-Harn Palmieri, Luigi Pajak, Andrzej Pahomova, Elena Paccaud, Fred Michel Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Otero, Johanna A. Ostovar, Afshin Ostojic, Sergej M. Osmond, Clive Ortiz, Pedro J. Ornelas, Rui Ordunez, Pedro Onat, Altan Omar, Mohd Azahadi Oliveira, Isabel O. Olié, Valérie Olafsson, Örn Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Oh, Kyungwon Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M. O’Reilly, Dermot O’Neill, Terence W. Nuhoğlu, Irfan Nsour, Mohannad Al Noto, Davide Noboa, Oscar A. Noale, Marianna Ninomiya, Toshiharu Ning, Guang Niiranen, Teemu J. Nihal, Thomas Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nervi, Flavio Nenko, Ilona Nejatizadeh, Azim Neal, William A. Nauck, Matthias Nangia, Vinay B. Nang, Ei Ei K. Námešná, Jana Amouyel, Philippe Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Aly, Eman Alkerwi, Ala’a Alkandari, Abdullah Ali, Mohamed M. AlDhukair, Shahla AlBuhairan, Fadia Alarouj, Monira Ajlouni, Kamel Ahrens, Wolfgang Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Ali Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Agyemang, Charles Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Iannone, Anna G. Iacoviello, Licia Hwalla, Nahla Huybrechts, Inge Husseini, Abdullatif S. Hunsberger, Monica L. Huisman, Martijn Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huerta, José María Htike, Maung Maung Than Htet, Aung Soe Htay, Thein Thein Howitt, Christina Houti, Leila Horta, Bernardo L. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hopman, Wilma M. Homayounfar, Reza Hofman, Albert Hobbs, Michael Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Sai Yin Hill, Allan G. Heshmat, Ramin Herrala, Sauli Henriques, Ana Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth He, Yuna Hayes, Alison J. Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hata, Jun Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hantunen, Sari Hamzeh, Behrooz Hambleton, Ian R. Hakimi, Hamid Haghshenas, Rosa Hadaegh, Farzad Ha, Seongjun Gutzwiller, Felix Gutierrez, Laura Gupta, Rajeev Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Guessous, Idris Guerrero, Ramiro Gudnason, Vilmundur Gudmundsson, Elias F. Guan, Ong Peng Guallar-Castillón, Pilar Gu, Dongfeng Gruden, Gabriella Grosso, Giuseppe Grøntved, Anders Grodzicki, Tomasz Gregor, Ronald D. Grafnetter, Dušan Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Gottrand, Frederic Gonzalez, Angel R. González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Clicerio González-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonçalves, Helen Goltzman, David Giwercman, Aleksander Gironella, Glen Giovannelli, Jonathan Gill, Tiffany K. Gianfagna, Francesco Ghimire, Anup Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghasemi, Erfan Ghanbari, Ali Geleijnse, Johanna M. Gazzinelli, Andrea Gasull, Magda Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Garnett, Sarah P. Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gao, Jingli Galvano, Fabio Gaciong, Zbigniew Furusawa, Takuro Fumihiko, Matsuda Fujita, Yuki Frontera, Guillermo Franco, Oscar H. do Carmo Franco, Maria Francis, Damian K. Fouad, Heba M. Forsner, Maria Forslund, Ann-Sofie Foo, Leng Huat Föger, Bernhard Ferrieres, Jean Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrari, Marika Ferrante, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferguson, Trevor S. Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Farjam, Mojtaba Faramarzi, Elnaz Fall, Caroline H. Faeh, David Evans, Alun Esmaeili, Ali Eslami, Saeid Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge Eriksson, Johan G. Eriksen, Louise Erem, Cihangir Erbel, Raimund Erasmus, Rajiv T. Elosua, Roberto Eliasen, Marie Eldemire-Shearer, Denise El Ati, Jalila Ekelund, Ulf Eiben, Gabriele Eghtesad, Sareh Eggertsen, Robert Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eddie, Ricky Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Dzerve, Vilnis Duda, Rosemary B. Duante, Charmaine A. Du, Yong van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Szklo, Moyses Sofat, Reecha Khosravi, Alireza Kheradmand, Motahareh Khateeb, Mohammad Khader, Yousef Saleh Kersting, Mathilde Kerimkulova, Alina Keramati, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Keil, Ulrich Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Kavousi, Maryam Kaur, Prabhdeep Kauhanen, Jussi Islam, Muhammad Ishida, Takafumi Irazola, Vilma E. Iotova, Violeta Ikram, M. Arfan Ikeda, Nayu Iglesia, Iris Agdeppa, Imelda A. Adams, Robert J. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Rahim, Hanan Abdul Abarca-Gómez, Leandra Aadahl, Mette Zhao, Dong Nordestgaard, Børge G. Mathur, Prashant Margozzini, Paula Laxmaiah, Avula Kuulasmaa, Kari Khang, Young-Ho Kengne, Andre Pascal Giampaoli, Simona Cifkova, Renata Aekplakorn, Wichai Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Bennett, James E. Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Riley, Leanne M. Voortman, Trudy Santero, Marilina Kakarmath, Sujay Gulayin, Pablo Dhana, Klodian Asghari, Golaleh Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Farzadfar, Farshad Jackson, Rod T. Danaei, Goodarz Santos, Rute Miller, Jody C. Mann, Jim I. Machi, Suka Lappas, Georg Katz, Joanne Karki, Khem B. Kamstrup, Pia R. Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kajantie, Eero O. Kafatos, Anthony Juolevi, Anne Józwiak, Jacek Joukar, Farahnaz Joshi, Pradeep Jørgensen, Torben Jonas, Jost B. Jokelainen, Jari J. Joffres, Michel Jöckel, Karl-Heinz Jimenez, Ramon O. Jiang, Chao Qiang Jha, Anjani Kumar Jeong, Seung-lyeal Jensen, Gorm B. Jennings, Garry Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Ana Jasienska, Grazyna Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Janszky, Imre Jamrozik, Konrad James, Kenneth Jafar, Tazeen Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Iwasaki, Masanori al-Safi Ismail, Aziz Khalili, Davood He, Jiang Plata, Silvia Ong, Sok King Muiesan, Maria L. Arlappa, Nimmathota Janus, Edward Zamani, Farhad Zali, Mohammad Reza Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi Younger-Coleman, Novie O. You, San-Lin Yoshihara, Akihiro Yoosefi, Moein Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yeow, Toh Peng Ye, Xingwang Yasuharu, Tabara Yang, Xiaoguang Yan, Weili Xu, Liang Xu, Haiquan Wu, Shouling Wu, Frederick C. Woodward, Mark Woo, Jean Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Andrew Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wilsgaard, Tom Willeit, Peter Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando Rinke de Wit, Tobias F. Rigo, Fernando Richter, Adrian Ribeiro, Robespierre Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Revilla, Luis Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Redon, Josep Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Lekhraj Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Elisabete Ramachandran, Ambady Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Raitakari, Olli Rahimikazerooni, Salar Radisauskas, Ricardas Bao, Tran Quoc Qorbani, Mostafa Punab, Margus Puhakka, Soile E. Puder, Jardena J. Providencia, Rui Price, Jacqueline F. Pradeepa, Rajendra Poustchi, Hossein Pourfarzi, Farhad Poudyal, Anil Portegies, Marileen L. P. Porta, Miquel Pohlabeln, Hermann Plans-Rubió, Pedro Pizarro, Andreia N. Piwonska, Aleksandra Pilotto, Lorenza Pilav, Aida Pigeot, Iris Pichardo, Rafael N. Pham, Son Thai Peykari, Niloofar Petkeviciene, Janina Nakamura, Harunobu Najafi, Farid Naidu, Balkish M. Nagel, Gabriele Naderimagham, Shohreh Nabipour, Iraj Mustafa, Norlaila Mursu, Jaakko Müller-Nurasyid, Martina Msyamboza, Kelias P. Motta, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Mota, Jorge Mostafa, Aya Mossakowska, Malgorzata Moschonis, George Morin, Suzanne N. Morgan, Karen Moreno, Luis A. Morejon, Alain Moosazadeh, Mahmood Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Mondo, Charles K. Momenan, Amirabbas Molnár, Dénes Møller, Niels C. Møllehave, Line T. Moitry, Marie Mohebi, Farnam Mohebbi, Iraj Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohanna, Salim Mohan, Viswanathan Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammad, Kazem Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohajer, Bahram Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Modesti, Pietro A. Mirrakhimov, Erkin Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Miranda, J. Jaime Miquel, Juan Francisco Mini, G.K. Minderico, Cláudia S. Michels, Nathalie Mi, Jie Meyer, Haakon E. Metcalf, Patricia Meshram, Indrapal I. Mereke, Alibek Merat, Shahin Menon, Geetha R. Menezes, Ana Maria B. Meisinger, Christa Meirhaeghe, Aline Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Mehlig, Kirsten Mehdipour, Parinaz Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia McNulty, Breige A. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Rachael M. McLachlan, Stela McGarvey, Stephen T. McFarlane, Shelly R. Mavrogianni, Christina Matsha, Tandi E. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mascarenhas, Luis P. Martorell, Reynaldo Marques-Vidal, Pedro Manzato, Enzo Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manios, Yannis Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Makdisse, Marcia Maire, Bernard Mahasampath, Gowri Magriplis, Emmanuella Magliano, Dianna J. Maggi, Stefania Madar, Ahmed A. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Ma, Guansheng Lunet, Nuno Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Annamari Luksiene, Dalia Lozano, José Eugenio Lotufo, Paulo A. Lopez, Tania Lopez-Garcia, Esther Loit, Helle-Mai Liu, Jing Lissner, Lauren Linneberg, Allan Lind, Lars Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Xu Lin, Hsien-Ho Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lim, Wei-Yen Lilly, Christa L. Li, Yanping Levitt, Naomi S. Lehtimäki, Terho Lehmann, Nils Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Jeannette Lazo-Porras, Maria Laugsand, Lars E. Latt, Tint Swe Larijani, Bagher Lanska, Vera Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina Lam, Tai Hing Laid, Youcef Lachat, Carl Laatikainen, Tiina Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Kyobutungi, Catherine Kurjata, Pawel Kujala, Urho M. Kromhout, Daan Krokstad, Steiner Kristensen, Peter Lund Kriemler, Susi Kratzer, Wolfgang Kowlessur, Sudhir Viet, Lucie Vidiawati, Dhanasari Victora, Cesar G. Verschuren, W. M. Monique Veronesi, Giovanni Venero-Fernández, Silvia J. Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veidebaum, Toomas Vega, Tomas Vatten, Lars Vasan, Senthil K. Varona-Pérez, Patricia Varbo, Anette Vanuzzo, Diego Vanderschueren, Dirk Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Rossem, Lenie Van Minh, Hoang Van Herck, Koen van der Schouw, Yvonne T. van Dam, Rob M. Valvi, Damaskini Valdivia, Gonzalo Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Ulmer, Hanno Ugel, Eunice Ueda, Peter Tzourio, Christophe Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Tuomilehto, Jaakko Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tsugane, Shoichiro Truthmann, Julia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Traissac, Pierre Torres-Collado, Laura Torrent, Maties Tornaritis, Michael J. Tormo, María José Topór-Madry, Roman Topbas, Murat Tolstrup, Janne S. Tolonen, Hanna K. Toft, Ulla Thuesen, Betina H. Thijs, Lutgarde Thankappan, K.R. Tello, Tania Tell, Grethe S. Taylor, Julie Taylor, Anne Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tan, Eng Joo Kouda, Katsuyasu Koskinen, Seppo Kos, Jelena Korrovits, Paul Korpelainen, Raija König, Jürgen Kolsteren, Patrick Kolle, Elin Kohler, Iliana V. Kohler, Hans-Peter Ko, Stephanie Knoflach, Michael Klumbiene, Jurate Kim, Yeon-Yong Willeit, Johann Wilks, Rainford J. Wijga, Alet H. Wiecek, Andrzej Widyahening, Indah S. Widhalm, Kurt Whincup, Peter H. Wei, Wenbin Wedderkopp, Niels Wannamethee, S. Goya Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Qian Wang, Ningli Wang, Ming-Dong Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Walton, Janette Wagner, Aline Wade, Alisha N. Voutilainen, Ari Vollenweider, Peter Vlasoff, Tiina Viswanathan, Bharathi Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Virtanen, Jyrki K. Vioque, Jesus Villalpando, Salvador Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tai, E. Shyong Sylva, René Charles Sy, Rody G. Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sundström, Johan Sun, Chien-An Suárez-Medina, Ramón Strufaldi, Maria Wany Stronks, Karien Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stöckl, Doris Stieber, Jutta Stevanović, Ranko Stessman, Jochanan Stein, Aryeh D. Stehle, Peter Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stavreski, Bill Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staessen, Jan A. Sparrenberger, Karen Sozmen, Kaan Soumaré, Aïcha Jérome, Charles Sossa Sørensen, Thorkild I. A. Sonestedt, Emily Somi, Mohammad Hossein Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Soemantri, Agustinus Söderberg, Stefan Snijder, Marieke B. Smeeth, Liam Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Skaaby, Tea Sjöström, Michael Simons, Leon A. Simons, Judith Simon, Mary Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Sibai, Abla M. Siantar, Rosalynn Siani, Alfonso Si-Ramlee, Khairil Shrestha, Namuna Shiri, Rahman Shirani, Majid Shin, Youchan Shin, Dong Wook Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shibuya, Kenji Shi, Zumin Shayanrad, Amaneh Shaw, Jonathan E. Sharma, Sanjib K. Sharafkhah, Maryam Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shakeri, Ramin Servais, Jennifer Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Sen, Abhijit Sein, Aye Aye Sebert, Sylvain Schramm, Sara Schöttker, Ben Schmidt, Carsten O. Schipf, Sabine Schienkiewitz, Anja Scheidt-Nave, Christa Schargrodsky, Herman Schaan, Beatriz D. Scazufca, Marcia Sbaraini, Mariana Sawada, Norie Savva, Savvas C. Saum, Kai-Uwe Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sardinha, Luis B. Saramies, Jouko L. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Diana A. Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba M. Sans, Susana Sánchez-Abanto, Jose Salvetti, Massimo Salonen, Jukka T. Salomaa, Veikko Salmerón, Diego Salanave, Benoit Saki, Nader Saidi, Olfa Safiri, Saeid Safarpour, Ali Reza Sadjadi, Alireza Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sabanayagam, Charumathi Rutkowski, Marcin Rust, Petra Russo, Paola Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Rubinstein, Adolfo Roy, Joel G. R. Rosengren, Annika Romeo, Elisabetta L. Romaguera, Dora Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Roggenbuck, Ulla Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María |
author_sort |
Kim, Jeongseon |
title |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_short |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_full |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_fullStr |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_full_unstemmed |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_sort |
repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/publication/details/22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4/oai |
geographic |
Greenland Norway Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Norway Pacific |
genre |
Greenland Iceland |
genre_facet |
Greenland Iceland |
op_relation |
22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4 doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/publication/details/22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4/oai |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 |
container_title |
Nature |
container_volume |
582 |
container_issue |
7810 |
container_start_page |
73 |
op_container_end_page |
77 |
_version_ |
1812177291877285888 |
spelling |
ftdokuzeylueluni:22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4 2024-10-06T13:49:14+00:00 Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol Kim, Jeongseon Unal, Belgin Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia Di Cesare, Mariachiara Sophiea, Marisa K. Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Taddei, Cristina Ezzati, Majid Gregg, Edward W. Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga Zoghlami, Nada Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zholdin, Bekbolat Zheng, Yingfeng Zhen, Shiqi Zhao, Wenhua Zhang, Zhen-Yu Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic Kim, Hyeon Chang Killewo, Japhet Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Drygas, Wojciech Dragano, Nico Dorobantu, Maria Döring, Angela Donoso, Silvana P. Donfrancesco, Chiara Dobson, Annette J. Djalalinia, Shirin Dika, Zivka Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dhimal, Meghnath Deschamps, Valérie Dennison, Elaine Delisle, Hélène Dehghan, Abbas Deev, Alexander D. Deepa, Mohan De Smedt, Delphine De Ridder, David de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Henauw, Stefaan de Gaetano, Giovanni De Bacquer, Dirk De Backer, Guy Davletov, Kairat Dauchet, Luc Dantoft, Thomas M. Dankner, Rachel Damasceno, Albertino Dallongeville, Jean d’Orsi, Eleonora D’Arrigo, Graziella Cureau, Felipe V. Cui, Liufu Csilla, Semánová Crujeiras, Ana B. Cowell, Chris Cottel, Dominique Costanzo, Simona Cooper, Cyrus Confortin, Susana C. Concin, Hans Clays, Els Clarke, Janine Claessens, Frank Chudek, Jerzy Cho, Yumi Cho, Belong Chirlaque, María-Dolores Chiou, Shu-Ti Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zaw, Ko Ko Zampelas, Antonis Zambon, Sabina Chetrit, Angela Cheraghian, Bahman Cheng, Ching-Yu Chen, Shuohua Chen, Fangfang Chen, Chien-Jen Chaturvedi, Nish Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Censi, Laura Casanueva, Felipe F. Carvalho, Joana Cardoso, Viviane C. Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Eduardo Capanzana, Mario V. Cândido, Ana Paula C. Can, Günay Cacciottolo, Joseph de León, Antonio Cabrera Busch, Markus A. Bugge, Anna Bruno, Graziella Brewster, Lizzy M. Brenner, Hermann Breckenkamp, Juergen Brajkovich, Imperia Bovet, Pascal Borghs, Herman Borchini, Rossana Bongard, Vanina Bonaccio, Marialaura Boissonnet, Carlos P. Boggia, Jose G. Boehm, Bernhard O. Bo, Simona Blokstra, Anneke Bloch, Katia V. Björkelund, Cecilia Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Espen Bjerregaard, Peter Bista, Bihungum Bikbov, Mukharram Bienek, Asako Bi, Yufang Bhargava, Santosh K. Bettiol, Heloisa Bernotiene, Gailute Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Berkinbayev, Salim Benn, Marianne Benet, Mikhail Ben Romdhane, Habiba Belavendra, Antonisamy Beaglehole, Robert Baur, Louise A. Batyrbek, Assembekov Batieha, Anwar M. Bata, Iqbal Barkat, Amina Barceló, Alberto Barbagallo, Carlo M. Banegas, José R. Bandosz, Piotr Banach, Maciej Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Balakrishna, Nagalla Azmin, Mehrdad Azizi, Fereidoun Azevedo, Ana Avdicová, Mária Auvinen, Juha Assunção, Maria Cecília F. Aspelund, Thor Aryal, Krishna K. Arku, Raphael E. Aris, Tahir Ariansen, Inger Araújo, Joana Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andersen, Lars Bo Petersmann, Astrid Peters, Annette Pereira, Alexandre C. Peltonen, Markku Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peer, Nasheeta Patel, Nikhil D. Parnell, Winsome R. Panza, Francesco Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pan, Wen-Harn Palmieri, Luigi Pajak, Andrzej Pahomova, Elena Paccaud, Fred Michel Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Otero, Johanna A. Ostovar, Afshin Ostojic, Sergej M. Osmond, Clive Ortiz, Pedro J. Ornelas, Rui Ordunez, Pedro Onat, Altan Omar, Mohd Azahadi Oliveira, Isabel O. Olié, Valérie Olafsson, Örn Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Oh, Kyungwon Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M. O’Reilly, Dermot O’Neill, Terence W. Nuhoğlu, Irfan Nsour, Mohannad Al Noto, Davide Noboa, Oscar A. Noale, Marianna Ninomiya, Toshiharu Ning, Guang Niiranen, Teemu J. Nihal, Thomas Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nervi, Flavio Nenko, Ilona Nejatizadeh, Azim Neal, William A. Nauck, Matthias Nangia, Vinay B. Nang, Ei Ei K. Námešná, Jana Amouyel, Philippe Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Aly, Eman Alkerwi, Ala’a Alkandari, Abdullah Ali, Mohamed M. AlDhukair, Shahla AlBuhairan, Fadia Alarouj, Monira Ajlouni, Kamel Ahrens, Wolfgang Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Ali Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Agyemang, Charles Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Iannone, Anna G. Iacoviello, Licia Hwalla, Nahla Huybrechts, Inge Husseini, Abdullatif S. Hunsberger, Monica L. Huisman, Martijn Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huerta, José María Htike, Maung Maung Than Htet, Aung Soe Htay, Thein Thein Howitt, Christina Houti, Leila Horta, Bernardo L. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hopman, Wilma M. Homayounfar, Reza Hofman, Albert Hobbs, Michael Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Sai Yin Hill, Allan G. Heshmat, Ramin Herrala, Sauli Henriques, Ana Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth He, Yuna Hayes, Alison J. Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hata, Jun Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hantunen, Sari Hamzeh, Behrooz Hambleton, Ian R. Hakimi, Hamid Haghshenas, Rosa Hadaegh, Farzad Ha, Seongjun Gutzwiller, Felix Gutierrez, Laura Gupta, Rajeev Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Guessous, Idris Guerrero, Ramiro Gudnason, Vilmundur Gudmundsson, Elias F. Guan, Ong Peng Guallar-Castillón, Pilar Gu, Dongfeng Gruden, Gabriella Grosso, Giuseppe Grøntved, Anders Grodzicki, Tomasz Gregor, Ronald D. Grafnetter, Dušan Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Gottrand, Frederic Gonzalez, Angel R. González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Clicerio González-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonçalves, Helen Goltzman, David Giwercman, Aleksander Gironella, Glen Giovannelli, Jonathan Gill, Tiffany K. Gianfagna, Francesco Ghimire, Anup Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghasemi, Erfan Ghanbari, Ali Geleijnse, Johanna M. Gazzinelli, Andrea Gasull, Magda Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Garnett, Sarah P. Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gao, Jingli Galvano, Fabio Gaciong, Zbigniew Furusawa, Takuro Fumihiko, Matsuda Fujita, Yuki Frontera, Guillermo Franco, Oscar H. do Carmo Franco, Maria Francis, Damian K. Fouad, Heba M. Forsner, Maria Forslund, Ann-Sofie Foo, Leng Huat Föger, Bernhard Ferrieres, Jean Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrari, Marika Ferrante, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferguson, Trevor S. Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Farjam, Mojtaba Faramarzi, Elnaz Fall, Caroline H. Faeh, David Evans, Alun Esmaeili, Ali Eslami, Saeid Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge Eriksson, Johan G. Eriksen, Louise Erem, Cihangir Erbel, Raimund Erasmus, Rajiv T. Elosua, Roberto Eliasen, Marie Eldemire-Shearer, Denise El Ati, Jalila Ekelund, Ulf Eiben, Gabriele Eghtesad, Sareh Eggertsen, Robert Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eddie, Ricky Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Dzerve, Vilnis Duda, Rosemary B. Duante, Charmaine A. Du, Yong van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Szklo, Moyses Sofat, Reecha Khosravi, Alireza Kheradmand, Motahareh Khateeb, Mohammad Khader, Yousef Saleh Kersting, Mathilde Kerimkulova, Alina Keramati, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Keil, Ulrich Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Kavousi, Maryam Kaur, Prabhdeep Kauhanen, Jussi Islam, Muhammad Ishida, Takafumi Irazola, Vilma E. Iotova, Violeta Ikram, M. Arfan Ikeda, Nayu Iglesia, Iris Agdeppa, Imelda A. Adams, Robert J. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Rahim, Hanan Abdul Abarca-Gómez, Leandra Aadahl, Mette Zhao, Dong Nordestgaard, Børge G. Mathur, Prashant Margozzini, Paula Laxmaiah, Avula Kuulasmaa, Kari Khang, Young-Ho Kengne, Andre Pascal Giampaoli, Simona Cifkova, Renata Aekplakorn, Wichai Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Bennett, James E. Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Riley, Leanne M. Voortman, Trudy Santero, Marilina Kakarmath, Sujay Gulayin, Pablo Dhana, Klodian Asghari, Golaleh Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Farzadfar, Farshad Jackson, Rod T. Danaei, Goodarz Santos, Rute Miller, Jody C. Mann, Jim I. Machi, Suka Lappas, Georg Katz, Joanne Karki, Khem B. Kamstrup, Pia R. Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kajantie, Eero O. Kafatos, Anthony Juolevi, Anne Józwiak, Jacek Joukar, Farahnaz Joshi, Pradeep Jørgensen, Torben Jonas, Jost B. Jokelainen, Jari J. Joffres, Michel Jöckel, Karl-Heinz Jimenez, Ramon O. Jiang, Chao Qiang Jha, Anjani Kumar Jeong, Seung-lyeal Jensen, Gorm B. Jennings, Garry Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Ana Jasienska, Grazyna Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Janszky, Imre Jamrozik, Konrad James, Kenneth Jafar, Tazeen Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Iwasaki, Masanori al-Safi Ismail, Aziz Khalili, Davood He, Jiang Plata, Silvia Ong, Sok King Muiesan, Maria L. Arlappa, Nimmathota Janus, Edward Zamani, Farhad Zali, Mohammad Reza Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi Younger-Coleman, Novie O. You, San-Lin Yoshihara, Akihiro Yoosefi, Moein Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yeow, Toh Peng Ye, Xingwang Yasuharu, Tabara Yang, Xiaoguang Yan, Weili Xu, Liang Xu, Haiquan Wu, Shouling Wu, Frederick C. Woodward, Mark Woo, Jean Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Andrew Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wilsgaard, Tom Willeit, Peter Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando Rinke de Wit, Tobias F. Rigo, Fernando Richter, Adrian Ribeiro, Robespierre Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Revilla, Luis Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Redon, Josep Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Lekhraj Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Elisabete Ramachandran, Ambady Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Raitakari, Olli Rahimikazerooni, Salar Radisauskas, Ricardas Bao, Tran Quoc Qorbani, Mostafa Punab, Margus Puhakka, Soile E. Puder, Jardena J. Providencia, Rui Price, Jacqueline F. Pradeepa, Rajendra Poustchi, Hossein Pourfarzi, Farhad Poudyal, Anil Portegies, Marileen L. P. Porta, Miquel Pohlabeln, Hermann Plans-Rubió, Pedro Pizarro, Andreia N. Piwonska, Aleksandra Pilotto, Lorenza Pilav, Aida Pigeot, Iris Pichardo, Rafael N. Pham, Son Thai Peykari, Niloofar Petkeviciene, Janina Nakamura, Harunobu Najafi, Farid Naidu, Balkish M. Nagel, Gabriele Naderimagham, Shohreh Nabipour, Iraj Mustafa, Norlaila Mursu, Jaakko Müller-Nurasyid, Martina Msyamboza, Kelias P. Motta, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Mota, Jorge Mostafa, Aya Mossakowska, Malgorzata Moschonis, George Morin, Suzanne N. Morgan, Karen Moreno, Luis A. Morejon, Alain Moosazadeh, Mahmood Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Mondo, Charles K. Momenan, Amirabbas Molnár, Dénes Møller, Niels C. Møllehave, Line T. Moitry, Marie Mohebi, Farnam Mohebbi, Iraj Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohanna, Salim Mohan, Viswanathan Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammad, Kazem Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohajer, Bahram Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Modesti, Pietro A. Mirrakhimov, Erkin Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Miranda, J. Jaime Miquel, Juan Francisco Mini, G.K. Minderico, Cláudia S. Michels, Nathalie Mi, Jie Meyer, Haakon E. Metcalf, Patricia Meshram, Indrapal I. Mereke, Alibek Merat, Shahin Menon, Geetha R. Menezes, Ana Maria B. Meisinger, Christa Meirhaeghe, Aline Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Mehlig, Kirsten Mehdipour, Parinaz Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia McNulty, Breige A. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Rachael M. McLachlan, Stela McGarvey, Stephen T. McFarlane, Shelly R. Mavrogianni, Christina Matsha, Tandi E. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mascarenhas, Luis P. Martorell, Reynaldo Marques-Vidal, Pedro Manzato, Enzo Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manios, Yannis Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Makdisse, Marcia Maire, Bernard Mahasampath, Gowri Magriplis, Emmanuella Magliano, Dianna J. Maggi, Stefania Madar, Ahmed A. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Ma, Guansheng Lunet, Nuno Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Annamari Luksiene, Dalia Lozano, José Eugenio Lotufo, Paulo A. Lopez, Tania Lopez-Garcia, Esther Loit, Helle-Mai Liu, Jing Lissner, Lauren Linneberg, Allan Lind, Lars Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Xu Lin, Hsien-Ho Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lim, Wei-Yen Lilly, Christa L. Li, Yanping Levitt, Naomi S. Lehtimäki, Terho Lehmann, Nils Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Jeannette Lazo-Porras, Maria Laugsand, Lars E. Latt, Tint Swe Larijani, Bagher Lanska, Vera Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina Lam, Tai Hing Laid, Youcef Lachat, Carl Laatikainen, Tiina Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Kyobutungi, Catherine Kurjata, Pawel Kujala, Urho M. Kromhout, Daan Krokstad, Steiner Kristensen, Peter Lund Kriemler, Susi Kratzer, Wolfgang Kowlessur, Sudhir Viet, Lucie Vidiawati, Dhanasari Victora, Cesar G. Verschuren, W. M. Monique Veronesi, Giovanni Venero-Fernández, Silvia J. Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veidebaum, Toomas Vega, Tomas Vatten, Lars Vasan, Senthil K. Varona-Pérez, Patricia Varbo, Anette Vanuzzo, Diego Vanderschueren, Dirk Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Rossem, Lenie Van Minh, Hoang Van Herck, Koen van der Schouw, Yvonne T. van Dam, Rob M. Valvi, Damaskini Valdivia, Gonzalo Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Ulmer, Hanno Ugel, Eunice Ueda, Peter Tzourio, Christophe Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Tuomilehto, Jaakko Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tsugane, Shoichiro Truthmann, Julia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Traissac, Pierre Torres-Collado, Laura Torrent, Maties Tornaritis, Michael J. Tormo, María José Topór-Madry, Roman Topbas, Murat Tolstrup, Janne S. Tolonen, Hanna K. Toft, Ulla Thuesen, Betina H. Thijs, Lutgarde Thankappan, K.R. Tello, Tania Tell, Grethe S. Taylor, Julie Taylor, Anne Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tan, Eng Joo Kouda, Katsuyasu Koskinen, Seppo Kos, Jelena Korrovits, Paul Korpelainen, Raija König, Jürgen Kolsteren, Patrick Kolle, Elin Kohler, Iliana V. Kohler, Hans-Peter Ko, Stephanie Knoflach, Michael Klumbiene, Jurate Kim, Yeon-Yong Willeit, Johann Wilks, Rainford J. Wijga, Alet H. Wiecek, Andrzej Widyahening, Indah S. Widhalm, Kurt Whincup, Peter H. Wei, Wenbin Wedderkopp, Niels Wannamethee, S. Goya Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Qian Wang, Ningli Wang, Ming-Dong Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Walton, Janette Wagner, Aline Wade, Alisha N. Voutilainen, Ari Vollenweider, Peter Vlasoff, Tiina Viswanathan, Bharathi Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Virtanen, Jyrki K. Vioque, Jesus Villalpando, Salvador Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tai, E. Shyong Sylva, René Charles Sy, Rody G. Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sundström, Johan Sun, Chien-An Suárez-Medina, Ramón Strufaldi, Maria Wany Stronks, Karien Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stöckl, Doris Stieber, Jutta Stevanović, Ranko Stessman, Jochanan Stein, Aryeh D. Stehle, Peter Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stavreski, Bill Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staessen, Jan A. Sparrenberger, Karen Sozmen, Kaan Soumaré, Aïcha Jérome, Charles Sossa Sørensen, Thorkild I. A. Sonestedt, Emily Somi, Mohammad Hossein Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Soemantri, Agustinus Söderberg, Stefan Snijder, Marieke B. Smeeth, Liam Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Skaaby, Tea Sjöström, Michael Simons, Leon A. Simons, Judith Simon, Mary Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Sibai, Abla M. Siantar, Rosalynn Siani, Alfonso Si-Ramlee, Khairil Shrestha, Namuna Shiri, Rahman Shirani, Majid Shin, Youchan Shin, Dong Wook Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shibuya, Kenji Shi, Zumin Shayanrad, Amaneh Shaw, Jonathan E. Sharma, Sanjib K. Sharafkhah, Maryam Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shakeri, Ramin Servais, Jennifer Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Sen, Abhijit Sein, Aye Aye Sebert, Sylvain Schramm, Sara Schöttker, Ben Schmidt, Carsten O. Schipf, Sabine Schienkiewitz, Anja Scheidt-Nave, Christa Schargrodsky, Herman Schaan, Beatriz D. Scazufca, Marcia Sbaraini, Mariana Sawada, Norie Savva, Savvas C. Saum, Kai-Uwe Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sardinha, Luis B. Saramies, Jouko L. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Diana A. Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba M. Sans, Susana Sánchez-Abanto, Jose Salvetti, Massimo Salonen, Jukka T. Salomaa, Veikko Salmerón, Diego Salanave, Benoit Saki, Nader Saidi, Olfa Safiri, Saeid Safarpour, Ali Reza Sadjadi, Alireza Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sabanayagam, Charumathi Rutkowski, Marcin Rust, Petra Russo, Paola Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Rubinstein, Adolfo Roy, Joel G. R. Rosengren, Annika Romeo, Elisabetta L. Romaguera, Dora Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Roggenbuck, Ulla Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María 2020-06-04T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/publication/details/22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4/oai eng eng 22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4 doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/publication/details/22e51321-2e09-4e87-915d-35823b87f3b4/oai info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftdokuzeylueluni https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 2024-09-11T05:34:06Z © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Dokuz Eylül University Research Information System Greenland Norway Pacific Nature 582 7810 73 77 |