Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation

• Published in: Health Risk Analysis
• Main Authors: B.A. Revich, D.A. Shaposhnikov, S.R. Raichich, S.A. Saburova, E.G. Simonova
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” 2021
• Subjects: arctic; yakutia; climate warming; permafrost; health risks; cattle burials; anthrax; Medicine; R; Arctic; Yakutia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.12.eng; https://doaj.org/article/ffdeab85dcbe436290c5c0b9d35ee099

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.