Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations
A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedb...
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2019
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 https://doaj.org/article/ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a 2023-05-15T18:25:16+02:00 Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations D. T. McCoy P. R. Field G. S. Elsaesser A. Bodas-Salcedo B. H. Kahn M. D. Zelinka C. Kodama T. Mauritsen B. Vanniere M. Roberts P. L. Vidale D. Saint-Martin A. Voldoire R. Haarsma A. Hill B. Shipway J. Wilkinson 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 https://doaj.org/article/ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/1147/2019/acp-19-1147-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 19, Pp 1147-1172 (2019) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 2022-12-31T07:01:39Z A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedback predicted by GCMs. This feature has been proposed to be due to transitions from ice to liquid with warming. To gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback we examine extratropical cyclone variability and the response of extratropical cyclones to transient warming in GCM simulations. Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992–2015 are contrasted with GCM simulations, with horizontal resolutions ranging from 7 km to hundreds of kilometers. We find that inter-cyclone variability in LWP in both observations and models is strongly driven by the moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances the LWP within cyclones. This relationship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. It is found that more than 80 % of the enhancement in Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical cyclone LWP in GCMs in response to a transient 4 K warming can be predicted based on the relationship between the WCB moisture flux and cyclone LWP in the historical climate and their change in moisture flux between the historical and warmed climates. Further, it is found that that the robust trend in cyclone LWP over the Southern Ocean in observations and GCMs is consistent with changes in the moisture flux. We propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius–Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone, and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Southern Ocean Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 2 1147 1172 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 D. T. McCoy P. R. Field G. S. Elsaesser A. Bodas-Salcedo B. H. Kahn M. D. Zelinka C. Kodama T. Mauritsen B. Vanniere M. Roberts P. L. Vidale D. Saint-Martin A. Voldoire R. Haarsma A. Hill B. Shipway J. Wilkinson Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedback predicted by GCMs. This feature has been proposed to be due to transitions from ice to liquid with warming. To gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback we examine extratropical cyclone variability and the response of extratropical cyclones to transient warming in GCM simulations. Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992–2015 are contrasted with GCM simulations, with horizontal resolutions ranging from 7 km to hundreds of kilometers. We find that inter-cyclone variability in LWP in both observations and models is strongly driven by the moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances the LWP within cyclones. This relationship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. It is found that more than 80 % of the enhancement in Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical cyclone LWP in GCMs in response to a transient 4 K warming can be predicted based on the relationship between the WCB moisture flux and cyclone LWP in the historical climate and their change in moisture flux between the historical and warmed climates. Further, it is found that that the robust trend in cyclone LWP over the Southern Ocean in observations and GCMs is consistent with changes in the moisture flux. We propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius–Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone, and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
D. T. McCoy P. R. Field G. S. Elsaesser A. Bodas-Salcedo B. H. Kahn M. D. Zelinka C. Kodama T. Mauritsen B. Vanniere M. Roberts P. L. Vidale D. Saint-Martin A. Voldoire R. Haarsma A. Hill B. Shipway J. Wilkinson |
author_facet |
D. T. McCoy P. R. Field G. S. Elsaesser A. Bodas-Salcedo B. H. Kahn M. D. Zelinka C. Kodama T. Mauritsen B. Vanniere M. Roberts P. L. Vidale D. Saint-Martin A. Voldoire R. Haarsma A. Hill B. Shipway J. Wilkinson |
author_sort |
D. T. McCoy |
title |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_short |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_full |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_fullStr |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_sort |
cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 https://doaj.org/article/ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 19, Pp 1147-1172 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/1147/2019/acp-19-1147-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/ffd931a00c4a46429e1cb20da7fb0c4a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1147 |
op_container_end_page |
1172 |
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1766206580122976256 |