Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum
In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum. Observations from the COSPIN suite of ene...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ffd6556f46894189bf8c7da29fec4cf5 2023-05-15T18:23:04+02:00 Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum R. B. McKibben J. J. Connell C. Lopate M. Zhang J. D. Anglin A. Balogh S. Dalla T. R. Sanderson R. G. Marsden M. Y. Hofer H. Kunow A. Posner B. Heber 2003-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 https://doaj.org/article/ffd6556f46894189bf8c7da29fec4cf5 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.ann-geophys.net/21/1217/2003/angeo-21-1217-2003.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 doi:10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 0992-7689 1432-0576 https://doaj.org/article/ffd6556f46894189bf8c7da29fec4cf5 Annales Geophysicae, Vol 21, Pp 1217-1228 (2003) Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 article 2003 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 2022-12-31T11:34:27Z In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum. Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere. Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections) Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles South Pole North Pole Annales Geophysicae 21 6 1217 1228 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
spellingShingle |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 R. B. McKibben J. J. Connell C. Lopate M. Zhang J. D. Anglin A. Balogh S. Dalla T. R. Sanderson R. G. Marsden M. Y. Hofer H. Kunow A. Posner B. Heber Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
topic_facet |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
description |
In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum. Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere. Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
R. B. McKibben J. J. Connell C. Lopate M. Zhang J. D. Anglin A. Balogh S. Dalla T. R. Sanderson R. G. Marsden M. Y. Hofer H. Kunow A. Posner B. Heber |
author_facet |
R. B. McKibben J. J. Connell C. Lopate M. Zhang J. D. Anglin A. Balogh S. Dalla T. R. Sanderson R. G. Marsden M. Y. Hofer H. Kunow A. Posner B. Heber |
author_sort |
R. B. McKibben |
title |
Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
title_short |
Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
title_full |
Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
title_fullStr |
Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum |
title_sort |
ulysses cospin observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the south pole to the north pole of the sun during solar maximum |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 https://doaj.org/article/ffd6556f46894189bf8c7da29fec4cf5 |
geographic |
South Pole North Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole North Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
Annales Geophysicae, Vol 21, Pp 1217-1228 (2003) |
op_relation |
https://www.ann-geophys.net/21/1217/2003/angeo-21-1217-2003.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 doi:10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 0992-7689 1432-0576 https://doaj.org/article/ffd6556f46894189bf8c7da29fec4cf5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003 |
container_title |
Annales Geophysicae |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1217 |
op_container_end_page |
1228 |
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1766202497122172928 |