Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because...
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2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 https://doaj.org/article/ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 2023-05-15T13:37:15+02:00 Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface Mar Fernández-Méndez Lasse M. Olsen Hanna M. Kauko Amelie Meyer Anja Rösel Ioanna Merkouriadi Christopher J. Mundy Jens K. Ehn A. Malin Johansson Penelope M. Wagner Åse Ervik Brian K. Sorrell Pedro Duarte Anette Wold Haakon Hop Philipp Assmy 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 https://doaj.org/article/ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 https://doaj.org/article/ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) Arctic ecosystem ice algae phytoplankton infiltration communities sea-ice ridges community composition Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 2022-12-31T06:20:34Z During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms (Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic ecosystem ice algae phytoplankton infiltration communities sea-ice ridges community composition Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic ecosystem ice algae phytoplankton infiltration communities sea-ice ridges community composition Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Mar Fernández-Méndez Lasse M. Olsen Hanna M. Kauko Amelie Meyer Anja Rösel Ioanna Merkouriadi Christopher J. Mundy Jens K. Ehn A. Malin Johansson Penelope M. Wagner Åse Ervik Brian K. Sorrell Pedro Duarte Anette Wold Haakon Hop Philipp Assmy Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
topic_facet |
Arctic ecosystem ice algae phytoplankton infiltration communities sea-ice ridges community composition Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms (Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mar Fernández-Méndez Lasse M. Olsen Hanna M. Kauko Amelie Meyer Anja Rösel Ioanna Merkouriadi Christopher J. Mundy Jens K. Ehn A. Malin Johansson Penelope M. Wagner Åse Ervik Brian K. Sorrell Pedro Duarte Anette Wold Haakon Hop Philipp Assmy |
author_facet |
Mar Fernández-Méndez Lasse M. Olsen Hanna M. Kauko Amelie Meyer Anja Rösel Ioanna Merkouriadi Christopher J. Mundy Jens K. Ehn A. Malin Johansson Penelope M. Wagner Åse Ervik Brian K. Sorrell Pedro Duarte Anette Wold Haakon Hop Philipp Assmy |
author_sort |
Mar Fernández-Méndez |
title |
Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
title_short |
Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
title_full |
Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
title_fullStr |
Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
title_full_unstemmed |
Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface |
title_sort |
algal hot spots in a changing arctic ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 https://doaj.org/article/ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae ice pack Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 https://doaj.org/article/ffca7e3c663f48b9bde3a481c2ad4708 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
5 |
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1766089744923492352 |