Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System
The energy budget imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the energy flow in the Earth’s system plays an essential role in climate change over the global and regional scales. Under the constraint of observations, the radiative fluxes at TOA have been reconstructed prior to CERES (Clouds and...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101738 https://doaj.org/article/fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 2023-05-15T17:34:35+02:00 Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System Chunlei Liu Ni Chen Jingchao Long Ning Cao Xiaoqing Liao Yazhu Yang Niansen Ou Liang Jin Rong Zheng Ke Yang Qianye Su 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101738 https://doaj.org/article/fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1738 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13101738 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 1738, p 1738 (2022) TOA radiative flux mass corrected atmospheric energy divergence net surface energy flux energy transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101738 2022-12-30T19:41:29Z The energy budget imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the energy flow in the Earth’s system plays an essential role in climate change over the global and regional scales. Under the constraint of observations, the radiative fluxes at TOA have been reconstructed prior to CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) between 1985 and 2000. The total atmospheric energy divergence has been mass corrected based on ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF ReAnalysis) atmospheric reanalysis by a newly developed method considering the enthalpy removing of the atmospheric water vapor, which avoids inconsistencies due to the residual lateral total mass flux divergence in the atmosphere, ensuring the balances of the freshwater fluxes at the surface. The net surface energy flux ( F s ) has been estimated using the residual method based on energy conservation, which is the difference between the net TOA radiative flux and the atmospheric energy tendency and divergence. The F s is then verified directly and indirectly with observations, and results show that the estimated F s in North Atlantic is superior to those from model simulations. This paper gives a brief review of the progress in the estimation of the observed energy flow in the Earth system, discusses some caveats of the existing method, and provides some suggestions for the improvements of the aforementioned data sets. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmosphere 13 10 1738 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
TOA radiative flux mass corrected atmospheric energy divergence net surface energy flux energy transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
TOA radiative flux mass corrected atmospheric energy divergence net surface energy flux energy transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Chunlei Liu Ni Chen Jingchao Long Ning Cao Xiaoqing Liao Yazhu Yang Niansen Ou Liang Jin Rong Zheng Ke Yang Qianye Su Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
topic_facet |
TOA radiative flux mass corrected atmospheric energy divergence net surface energy flux energy transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
The energy budget imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the energy flow in the Earth’s system plays an essential role in climate change over the global and regional scales. Under the constraint of observations, the radiative fluxes at TOA have been reconstructed prior to CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) between 1985 and 2000. The total atmospheric energy divergence has been mass corrected based on ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF ReAnalysis) atmospheric reanalysis by a newly developed method considering the enthalpy removing of the atmospheric water vapor, which avoids inconsistencies due to the residual lateral total mass flux divergence in the atmosphere, ensuring the balances of the freshwater fluxes at the surface. The net surface energy flux ( F s ) has been estimated using the residual method based on energy conservation, which is the difference between the net TOA radiative flux and the atmospheric energy tendency and divergence. The F s is then verified directly and indirectly with observations, and results show that the estimated F s in North Atlantic is superior to those from model simulations. This paper gives a brief review of the progress in the estimation of the observed energy flow in the Earth system, discusses some caveats of the existing method, and provides some suggestions for the improvements of the aforementioned data sets. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chunlei Liu Ni Chen Jingchao Long Ning Cao Xiaoqing Liao Yazhu Yang Niansen Ou Liang Jin Rong Zheng Ke Yang Qianye Su |
author_facet |
Chunlei Liu Ni Chen Jingchao Long Ning Cao Xiaoqing Liao Yazhu Yang Niansen Ou Liang Jin Rong Zheng Ke Yang Qianye Su |
author_sort |
Chunlei Liu |
title |
Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
title_short |
Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
title_full |
Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
title_fullStr |
Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
title_full_unstemmed |
Review of the Observed Energy Flow in the Earth System |
title_sort |
review of the observed energy flow in the earth system |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101738 https://doaj.org/article/fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 1738, p 1738 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1738 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13101738 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/fee74bc2ad3448f78e667ed64a9dfa92 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101738 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
1738 |
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1766133460677689344 |