Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges
Global water resources are under pressure due to increasing population and diminishing conventional water resources caused by global warming. Water scarcity is a daunting global problem which has prompted efforts to find unconventional resources as an appealing substitute for conventional water, par...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223220 https://doaj.org/article/fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb 2023-05-15T13:46:25+02:00 Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges Zahra Karimidastenaei Björn Klöve Mojtaba Sadegh Ali Torabi Haghighi 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223220 https://doaj.org/article/fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3220 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w13223220 2073-4441 https://doaj.org/article/fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb Water, Vol 13, Iss 3220, p 3220 (2021) water scarcity iceberg water utilization global map Mann–Kendall test Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223220 2022-12-31T08:08:22Z Global water resources are under pressure due to increasing population and diminishing conventional water resources caused by global warming. Water scarcity is a daunting global problem which has prompted efforts to find unconventional resources as an appealing substitute for conventional water, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Ice is one such unconventional water resource, which is available mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic. In this study, opportunities and challenges in iceberg utilization as a source of freshwater were investigated on the basis of a systematic literature review (SLR). A search in three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) yielded 47 separate studies from 1974 to 2019. The SLR indicated that harvesting iceberg water, one of the purest sources of water, offers benefits ranging from supplying freshwater and creating new jobs to avoiding iceberg damage to offshore structures. Economic considerations and risks associated with iceberg towing were identified as the main limitations to iceberg harvesting, while environmental impacts were identified as the main challenge to exploiting this resource. Assessment of trends in ice sheets in Arctic and Antarctic across different spatiotemporal scales indicated that the main sources of icebergs showed a statistically significant ( p < 0.01) decreasing trend for all months and seasons during 2005–2019. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Global warming Iceberg* Iceberg* Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic Kendall ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) Water 13 22 3220 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
water scarcity iceberg water utilization global map Mann–Kendall test Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
spellingShingle |
water scarcity iceberg water utilization global map Mann–Kendall test Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Zahra Karimidastenaei Björn Klöve Mojtaba Sadegh Ali Torabi Haghighi Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
topic_facet |
water scarcity iceberg water utilization global map Mann–Kendall test Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
description |
Global water resources are under pressure due to increasing population and diminishing conventional water resources caused by global warming. Water scarcity is a daunting global problem which has prompted efforts to find unconventional resources as an appealing substitute for conventional water, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Ice is one such unconventional water resource, which is available mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic. In this study, opportunities and challenges in iceberg utilization as a source of freshwater were investigated on the basis of a systematic literature review (SLR). A search in three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) yielded 47 separate studies from 1974 to 2019. The SLR indicated that harvesting iceberg water, one of the purest sources of water, offers benefits ranging from supplying freshwater and creating new jobs to avoiding iceberg damage to offshore structures. Economic considerations and risks associated with iceberg towing were identified as the main limitations to iceberg harvesting, while environmental impacts were identified as the main challenge to exploiting this resource. Assessment of trends in ice sheets in Arctic and Antarctic across different spatiotemporal scales indicated that the main sources of icebergs showed a statistically significant ( p < 0.01) decreasing trend for all months and seasons during 2005–2019. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zahra Karimidastenaei Björn Klöve Mojtaba Sadegh Ali Torabi Haghighi |
author_facet |
Zahra Karimidastenaei Björn Klöve Mojtaba Sadegh Ali Torabi Haghighi |
author_sort |
Zahra Karimidastenaei |
title |
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
title_short |
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
title_full |
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
title_fullStr |
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polar Ice as an Unconventional Water Resource: Opportunities and Challenges |
title_sort |
polar ice as an unconventional water resource: opportunities and challenges |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223220 https://doaj.org/article/fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Kendall |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Kendall |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Global warming Iceberg* Iceberg* |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Global warming Iceberg* Iceberg* |
op_source |
Water, Vol 13, Iss 3220, p 3220 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3220 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w13223220 2073-4441 https://doaj.org/article/fead9973ec394c4bb667f1642ad576bb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223220 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
3220 |
_version_ |
1766242365790486528 |